{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:47:48Z","timestamp":1792608468778,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["727922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["727922"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["727922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["727922"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["727922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["727922"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["727922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["727922"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["727922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["727922"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in wild birds is a major emerging disease, and a cause of increased mortality during outbreaks. The Common buzzard (<jats:italic>Buteo buteo<\/jats:italic>) has a considerable chance of acquiring the infection and therefore may function as bio-sentinel for the presence of virus in wildlife. This study aimed to determine the virus distribution and associated pathological changes in the tissues of Common buzzards that died with HPAI H5 virus infection during the 2020\u20132021 epizootic. Eleven freshly dead, HPAI H5 virus-positive Common buzzards were necropsied. Based on RT-PCR, all birds were systemically infected with HPAI H5N8 virus, as viral RNA was detected in cloacal and pharyngeal swabs and in all 10 selected tissues of the birds, with mean Ct values per tissue ranging from 22 for heart to 32 for jejunum. Based on histology and immunohistochemistry, the most common virus-associated pathological changes were necrotizing encephalitis (9\/11 birds) and necrotizing myocarditis (7\/11 birds). The proventriculus of two birds showed virus-associated necrosis, indicating tropism of this virus for the digestive tract. Our advice is to collect at least a miniset of samples including brain, heart, liver, and spleen, as these tissues were positive both by RT-PCR and for virus-antigen-associated lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-04896-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T11:03:20Z","timestamp":1642503800000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Pathology and virology of natural highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 infection in wild Common buzzards (Buteo buteo)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Valentina","family":"Caliendo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lonneke","family":"Leijten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco W. G.","family":"van de Bildt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ron A. M.","family":"Fouchier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolianne M.","family":"Rijks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thijs","family":"Kuiken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6309","key":"4896_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf8852","volume":"354","author":"Global Consortium for H5N8 and Related Influenza Viruses","year":"2016","unstructured":"Global Consortium for H5N8 and Related Influenza Viruses. Role for migratory wild birds in the global spread of avian influenza H5N8. Science 354(6309), 213\u2013217 (2016).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4896_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), Brouwer, A. et al. Annual Report on surveillance for avian influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union in 2018. EFSA J. 17(12), 5945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2019.5945 (2019)","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2019.5945"},{"key":"4896_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control), EURL (European Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza), Adlhoch, C. et al. Scientific report: Avian influenza overview August\u2013December 2020. EFSA J. 18(12), 6379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2020.6379 (2020).","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2020.6379"},{"key":"4896_CR4","unstructured":"EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control), EURL (European Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza), Adlhoch, C. et al. EFSA Scientific report: Avian influenza overview February\u2013May 2021. (2021)."},{"key":"4896_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-020-00841-6","volume":"51","author":"V Caliendo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Caliendo, V. et al. Enterotropism of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N8 from the 2016\/2017 epidemic in some wild bird species. Vet. Res. 51, 117 (2020).","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"4896_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20814","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2001813117","volume":"117","author":"SL Lycett","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lycett, S. L. et al. Genesis and spread of multiple reassortants during the 2016\/2017 H5 avian influenza epidemic in Eurasia. PNAS 117, 20814\u201320825 (2020).","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"4896_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2312.171086","volume":"23","author":"E Kleyheeg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kleyheeg, E. et al. Deaths among wild birds during highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus outbreak, the Netherlands. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 23, 2050\u20132054 (2017).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"4896_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.7589\/2017-11-289","volume":"55","author":"VI Shearn-Bochsler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shearn-Bochsler, V. I., Knowles, S. & Hon, I. Lethal infection of wild raptors with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 and H5N2 viruses in the USA, 2014\u20132015. J. Wildl. Dis. 55, 164\u2013168 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"4896_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21069","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2015.20.12.21069","volume":"20","author":"JH Verhagen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Verhagen, J. H. et al. Wild bird surveillance around outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus in the Netherlands, 2014, within the context of global flyways. Euro Surveill. 20, 21069 (2015).","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"4896_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-015-0148-5","volume":"46","author":"JMA Van den Brand","year":"2015","unstructured":"Van den Brand, J. M. A. et al. Host-specific exposure and fatal neurologic disease in wild raptors from highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 during the2006 outbreak in Germany. Vet. Res. 46, 24 (2015).","journal-title":"Vet. 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PLoS ONE. 7, e32107 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-04896-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-04896-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-04896-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T22:32:28Z","timestamp":1669329148000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-04896-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4896"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-04896-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 November 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"920"}}