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The lack of animal model has precluded further investigations to improve this treatment. We developed an animal model of liver damage and atrophy\u2013hypertrophy complex after SIRT. Three groups of 5\u20138 rabbits received transportal SIRT with Yttrium 90 resin microspheres of the cranial lobes with different activities (0.3, 0.6 and 1.2\u00a0GBq), corresponding to predicted absorbed radiation dose\u00a0of 200, 400 and 800\u00a0Gy, respectively. Another group received non-loaded microspheres (sham group). Cranial and caudal lobes volumes were assessed using CT volumetry before, 15 and 30\u00a0days after SIRT. Liver biochemistry, histopathology and gene expression were evaluated. Four untreated rabbits were used as controls for gene expression studies. All animals receiving 1.2\u00a0GBq were euthanized due to clinical deterioration. Cranial SIRT with 0.6\u00a0GBq induced caudal lobe hypertrophy after 15\u00a0days (median increase 34% -ns-) but produced significant toxicity. Cranial SIRT with 0.3\u00a0GBq induced caudal lobe hypertrophy after 30\u00a0days (median increase 82%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04). No volumetric changes were detected in sham group. Transient increase in serum transaminases was detected in all treated groups returning to normal values at 15\u00a0days. There was dose-dependent liver dysfunction with bilirubin elevation and albumin decrease. Histologically, 1.2\u00a0GBq group developed permanent severe liver damage with massive necrosis, 0.6 and 0.3\u00a0GBq groups developed moderate damage with inflammation and portal fibrosis at 15\u00a0days, partially recovering at 30\u00a0days. There was no difference in the expression of hepatocyte function and differentiation genes between 0.3\u00a0GBq and control groups. Cranial SIRT with 0.3\u00a0GBq of <jats:sup>90<\/jats:sup>Y resin microspheres in rabbits is a reliable animal model to analyse the atrophy\u2013hypertrophy complex and liver damage without toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05672-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T11:06:03Z","timestamp":1643799963000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A new animal model of atrophy\u2013hypertrophy complex and liver damage following Yttrium-90 lobar selective internal radiation therapy in rabbits"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"P\u00e1ramo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Santamar\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Idoate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Macarena","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Fraile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Benito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Collantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Quincoces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Pe\u00f1uelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Berasain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josepmaria","family":"Argemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Quiroga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Sangro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 I.","family":"Bilbao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"I\u00f1arrairaegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"5672_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8010055","volume":"8","author":"A Saini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saini, A. et al. 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Jos\u00e9 I. Bilbao is proctor of Sirtex Medical. Bruno Sangro has received consulting and\/or lecture fees from Sirtex Medical, BTG and Terumo, and research grants from Sirtex Medical. Mercedes I\u00f1arrairaegui has received lecture fees from Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS). The remaining authors have nothing to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1777"}}