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This study was designed to compare nutritional and growth-promoting levels of Cu hydroxychloride (CH) with CuSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>on gut health bio-markers and liver mineral profile of broiler chickens. Ross 308 chicks (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009864) were randomly assigned to eight treatments, as basal diet containing no supplemental Cu; the basal diet with 15 or 200\u00a0mg\/kg Cu as CuSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>; or 15, 50, 100, 150 or 200\u00a0mg\/kg Cu from CH. The highest liver Cu content was observed in birds fed the diets with 200\u00a0mg\/kg CuSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>(<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Serum FITC-d concentration as the leaky gut marker, and liver malondialdehyde concentration were not affected. Copper level or source had no effect on cecal short chain fatty acid and the mRNA expression of five jejunal genes involved in gut integrity. Negative linear responses of Cu were observed on<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.032),<jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.033), and<jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028) counts. The jejunal villus height increased in birds fed CH at 200 and 100\u00a0mg\/kg (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Increasing Cu levels, linearly and quadratically (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), increased Cu excretion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06204-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T11:05:58Z","timestamp":1644491158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Sources and levels of copper affect liver copper profile, intestinal morphology and cecal microbiota population of broiler chickens fed wheat-soybean meal diets"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hoai Thi Thanh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarbast K.","family":"Kheravii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-biao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie R.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Swick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Toghyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"6204_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2005.07.010","volume":"26","author":"M Arredondo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arredondo, M. & Nunez, M. 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