{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T13:59:46Z","timestamp":1788357586347,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646265600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N93019C00052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93019C00052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant diversion of human and material resources to COVID-19 diagnostics, to the extent that influenza viruses and co-infection in COVID-19 patients remains undocumented and pose serious public-health consequences. We optimized and validated a highly sensitive RT-PCR based multiplex-assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B viruses in a single-test. This study evaluated clinical specimens (n\u2009=\u20091411), 1019 saliva and 392 nasopharyngeal swab (NPS), tested using two-assays: FDA-EUA approved SARS-CoV-2 assay that targets\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ORF1ab<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, and the PKamp-RT-PCR based assay that targets SARS-CoV-2, influenza viruses A and B. Of the 1019 saliva samples, 17.0% (174\/1019) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 using either assay. The detection rate for SARS-CoV-2 was higher with the multiplex assay compared to SARS-specific assay [91.9% (160\/174) vs. 87.9% (153\/174)], respectively. Of the 392 NPS samples, 10.4% (41\/392) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 using either assay. The detection rate for SARS-CoV-2 was higher with the multiplex assay compared to SARS-specific assay [97.5% (40\/41) vs. 92.1% (39\/41)], respectively. This study presents clinical validation of a multiplex-PCR assay for testing SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B viruses, using NPS and saliva samples, and demonstrates the feasibility of implementing the assay without disrupting the existing laboratory workflow.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07152-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T06:05:35Z","timestamp":1646287535000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Clinical validation of a multiplex PCR-based detection assay using saliva or nasopharyngeal samples for SARS-Cov-2, influenza A and B"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Nikhil S.","family":"Sahajpal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashis K.","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudha","family":"Ananth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Njau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimya","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Ahluwalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eesha","family":"Oza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ted M.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vamsi","family":"Kota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Kothandaraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadanand","family":"Fulzele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhuri","family":"Hegde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alka","family":"Chaubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amyn M.","family":"Rojiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravindra","family":"Kolhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"7152_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taipale, J., Romer, P., Linnarsson, S. Population-scale testing can suppress the spread of COVID-19. medRxiv. 2020.04.27.20078329 (2020).","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.27.20078329"},{"issue":"10229","key":"7152_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30673-5","volume":"395","author":"J Bedford","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bedford, J. et al. COVID-19: Towards controlling of a pandemic. Lancet 395(10229), 1015\u20131018 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7152_CR3","unstructured":"GBD 2017 Influenza Collaborators. Mortality, morbidity, and hospitalisations due to influenza lower respiratory tract infections, 2017: An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Respir. Med. 7(1), 69\u201389 (2019)."},{"key":"7152_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.29.20027698","author":"Q Xing","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xing, Q. et al. Precautions are needed for COVID-19 patients with co-infection of common respiratory pathogens. MedRxiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.29.20027698 (2020).","journal-title":"MedRxiv"},{"key":"7152_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Posteraro, B., Marchetti, S., Romano, L., Santangelo, R., Morandotti, G.A., Sanguinetti, M., Cattani, P. FPG COVID Laboratory Group. Clinical microbiology laboratory adaptation to COVID-19 emergency: experience at a large teaching hospital in Rome, Italy. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 26(8), 1109\u201311 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.04.016"},{"issue":"10","key":"7152_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2020.07.001","volume":"22","author":"NS Sahajpal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sahajpal, N. S. et al. Proposal of RT-PCR-based mass population screening for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (coronavirus disease 2019). J Mol Diagn. 22(10), 1294\u20131299 (2020).","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn."},{"issue":"21","key":"7152_CR7","first-page":"00114","volume":"S1525\u20131578","author":"NS Sahajpal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sahajpal, N. S. et al. SalivaAll: Clinical validation of a sensitive test for saliva collected in healthcare and community settings with pooling utility for SARS-CoV-2 mass surveillance. J. Mol. Diagn. S1525\u20131578(21), 00114\u201300118 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Diagn."},{"issue":"3","key":"7152_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2014.08.004","volume":"9","author":"WA Fischer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fischer, W. A., Bhagwanjee, S. & Sevransky, J. Global burden of influenza: Contributions from resource limited and low-income settings. Glob. Heart 9(3), 325 (2014).","journal-title":"Glob. 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Diagnostics 11(5), 904 (2020).","journal-title":"Diagnostics"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-07152-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-07152-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-07152-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T18:32:52Z","timestamp":1669314772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-07152-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7152"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-07152-0","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.01.13.21249629","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"RK has received honoraria, travel funding, and research support from Illumina, Asuragen, Perkin Elmer Inc., Bionano Genomics Inc, QIAGEN, and BMS. AK and MH are salaried employees of PerkinElmer Inc and MH hold stock options at PerkinElmer Inc. AC is salaried employee of Bionano Genomics Inc. All the other authors do not have any competing interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3480"}}