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Various studies have reported a positive correlation between periodontal disease (PD) and premature birth (PB) and yet no population-based study has assessed the impact of PD severity and treatments on premature birth. This cohort study used Taiwan\u2019s national medical records (1999\u20132012, included 1,757,774 pregnant women) to investigate the association between PD severity and PB. Women with PD during the 2-year period prior for giving birth were more likely to have PB (11.38%) than those without PD (10.56%; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). After variables adjustment, the advanced PD group had OR\u2009of\u20091.09 (95% CI 1.07\u20131.11) for PB, the mild PD group had OR\u2009of\u20091.05 (95% CI 1.04\u20131.06), while no-PD group had OR of 1. Increased PD severity was related to higher risk of PB. When stratified by age, the highest ORs for PB were those aged from 31 to 35\u00a0years in both mild PD group (OR\u2009=\u20091.09, 95% CI 1.07\u20131.11) and advanced PD group (OR\u2009=\u20091.13, 95% CI 1.09\u20131.17). Improving periodontal health before or during pregnancy may prevent or reduce the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and therefore maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07425-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T11:02:49Z","timestamp":1646046169000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Periodontal disease and preterm delivery: a nationwide population-based cohort study of Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ya-Ling","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiao-Yun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sin-Yi","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Li","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Shiang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Yi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dachen","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"7425_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. 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