{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T04:38:34Z","timestamp":1789879114489,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Frankfurt am Main"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Personal values are considered as guiding principles for humans\u2019 attitudes and behavior, what makes them an essential component of mental health. Although these notions are widely recognized, investigations in clinical samples examining the link between values and mental health are lacking. We assessed n\u2009=\u2009209 patients with affective disorders, neurotic disorders, reaction to severe stress, and adjustment disorders and personality disorders and compared them to a stratified random sample (n\u2009=\u2009209) drawn from the European Social Survey. Personal values were assessed using the Portraits Value Questionnaire. Severity of psychopathology was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory and the Brief Symptom Inventory. Clinical participants showed a higher preference for the values power, achievement and tradition\/conformity and a lower preference for hedonism compared to controls. Patients exhibited more incompatible value patterns than controls. Across diagnostic groups, patients with neurotic disorders reported incompatible values most frequently. Value priorities and value conflicts may have the potential to contribute to a better understanding of current and future actions and experiences in patients with mental disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07758-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T11:06:26Z","timestamp":1646910386000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Value priorities and value conflicts in patients with mental disorders compared to a general population sample"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth A.","family":"Arens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muriel","family":"Christoffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Stangier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"7758_CR1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Handbook of Well-Being","author":"SH Schwartz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schwartz, S. H. & Sortheix, F. Values and subjective well-being. In Handbook of Well-Being (eds Diener, E. et al.) 1\u201325 (Noba Scholar, 2018)."},{"key":"7758_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-018-9892-9(2018","volume":"40","author":"E Skimina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Skimina, E., Cieciuch, J. & Strus, W. Traits and values as predictors of the frequency of everyday behavior: Comparison between models and levels. Curr. Psychol. 40, 133\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-018-9892-9(2018 (2018).","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"7758_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-020-0260-4","volume":"19","author":"K Watanabe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Watanabe, K., Kawakami, N. & Nishi, D. Association between personal values in adolescence and mental health and well-being in adulthood: A cross-cultural study of working populations in Japan and the United States. Ann. Gen. Psychiatry 19, 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12991-020-0260-4 (2020).","journal-title":"Ann. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"7758_CR4","volume-title":"Cognitive Therapy of Depression","author":"AT Beck","year":"1979","unstructured":"Beck, A. T., Rush, A., Shaw, B. & Emery, G. Cognitive Therapy of Depression (The Guilford Press, 1979)."},{"key":"7758_CR5","volume-title":"Neuropsychotherapy: How the Neurosciences Inform Effective Psychotherapy","author":"K Grawe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grawe, K. Neuropsychotherapy: How the Neurosciences Inform Effective Psychotherapy (Psychology Press, 2007)."},{"key":"7758_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20626","volume":"18","author":"SC Hayes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hayes, S. C. Acceptance and commitment therapy: Towards a unified model of behavior change. World Psychiatry 18, 226\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wps.20626 (2019).","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"7758_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.03.045","volume":"97","author":"PHP Hanel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hanel, P. H. P. & Wolfradt, U. The, \u201cdark side\u201d of personal values: Relations to clinical constructs and their implications. Personality Individ. Differ. 97, 140\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2016.03.045 (2016).","journal-title":"Personality Individ. Differ."},{"key":"7758_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1159\/000099843","volume":"76","author":"U Stangier","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stangier, U., Ukrow, U., Schermelleh-Engel, K., Grabe, M. & Lauterbach, W. Intrapersonal conflict in goals and values of patients with unipolar depression. Psychother. Psychosom. 76, 162\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000099843 (2007).","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"key":"7758_CR9","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","author":"SH Schwartz","year":"1992","unstructured":"Schwartz, S. H. Universals in the content and structure of values: Theory and empirical tests in 20 countries. In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology Vol. 25 (ed. Zanna, M.) 1\u201365 (Academic Press, 1992)."},{"key":"7758_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1024\/0044-3514.38.4.261","volume":"38","author":"P Schmidt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schmidt, P., Bamberg, S., Davidov, E., Herrmann, J. & Schwartz, S. H. The measurement of values with the \"Portrait Value Questionnaire. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Sozialpsychologie 38, 261\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1024\/0044-3514.38.4.261 (2007).","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Sozialpsychologie"},{"key":"7758_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/per.2096","volume":"31","author":"FM Sortheix","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sortheix, F. M. & Schwartz, S. H. Values that underlie and undermine well-being: Variability across countries. Eur. J. Pers. 31, 187\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/per.2096 (2017).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pers."},{"key":"7758_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01643","volume":"9","author":"PHP Hanel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hanel, P. H. P., Litzellachner, L. F. & Maio, G. R. An empirical comparison of human value models. Front. Psychol. 9, 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01643 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"7758_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijchp.2014.06.001","volume":"15","author":"A Maercker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maercker, A. et al. Personal value orientations as mediated predictors of mental health: A three-culture study of Chinese, Russian, and German university students. Int. J. Clin. Health Psychol. 15, 8\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijchp.2014.06.001 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Health Psychol."},{"key":"7758_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9707\/2307-0919.1116","author":"S Schwartz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schwartz, S. An overview of the Schwartz theory of basic values. Online Read. Psychol. Cult. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9707\/2307-0919.1116 (2012).","journal-title":"Online Read. Psychol. Cult."},{"key":"7758_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503620766","volume-title":"Theory of Cognitive Dissonance","author":"LA Festinger","year":"1957","unstructured":"Festinger, L. A. Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (Stanford University Press, 1957)."},{"key":"7758_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0115-19.2019","volume":"6","author":"S Zorowitz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zorowitz, S. et al. The neural basis of approach-avoidance conflict: A model based analysis. eNeuro 6, 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/ENEURO.0115-19.2019 (2019).","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"7758_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2018.10.013","volume":"138","author":"I Borg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Borg, I. Age- and gender-related differences in the structure and the meaning of personal values. Personality Individ. Differ. 138, 336\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2018.10.013 (2018).","journal-title":"Personality Individ. Differ."},{"key":"7758_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.12236","volume":"52","author":"D Francescato","year":"2017","unstructured":"Francescato, D., Mebane, M. & Vecchione, M. Gender differences in personal values of national and local Italian politicians, activists and voters. Int. J. Psychol. 52, 406\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijop.12236 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychol."},{"key":"7758_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000082","volume":"31","author":"H Fung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fung, H. et al. Age differences in personal values: Universal or cultural specific?. Psychol. Aging 31, 274\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pag0000082 (2016).","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"key":"7758_CR20","volume-title":"BSI: Brief Symptom Inventory von L. R. Derogati (Kurzform der SCL-90-R; Deutsche Version)","author":"GH Franke","year":"2000","unstructured":"Franke, G. H. & Derogatis, L. R. BSI: Brief Symptom Inventory von L. R. Derogati (Kurzform der SCL-90-R; Deutsche Version) (Beltz Test, 2000)."},{"key":"7758_CR21","volume-title":"Beck Depressions-Inventar: BDI II: Manual","author":"M Hautzinger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hautzinger, M., Keller, F., K\u00fchner, C. & Beck, A. T. Beck Depressions-Inventar: BDI II: Manual (Pearson Assessment, 2009)."},{"key":"7758_CR22","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen, J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences 2nd edn. (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1988).","edition":"2"},{"key":"7758_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-22085-3","volume-title":"Individuen mit widerspr\u00fcchlichen Wertevorstellungen. \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung grundlegender Annahmen der Wertetheorie von Shalom Schwartz","author":"N Frenzel-Baudisch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Frenzel-Baudisch, N. Individuen mit widerspr\u00fcchlichen Wertevorstellungen. \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung grundlegender Annahmen der Wertetheorie von Shalom Schwartz (Springer, New York, 2018)."},{"key":"7758_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-018-9964-z","volume":"43","author":"BA Rosser","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rosser, B. A. Intolerance of uncertainty as a transdiagnostic mechanism of psychological difficulties: A systematic review of evidence pertaining to causality and temporal precedence. Cogn. Ther. Res. 43, 438\u2013463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10608-018-9964-z (2019).","journal-title":"Cogn. Ther. Res."},{"key":"7758_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225970","volume":"15","author":"S Morein-Zamir","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morein-Zamir, S., Shapher, S., Gasull-Cam\u00f3s, J., Fineberg, N. & Robbins, T. Avoid jumping to conclusions under uncertainty in obsessive compulsive disorder. PLoS ONE 15, 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0225970 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7758_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.2018.1560583","volume":"82","author":"KG Saulnier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saulnier, K. G., Allan, N. P., Raines, A. M. & Schmidt, N. B. Depression and intolerance of uncertainty: Relations between uncertainty subfactors and depression dimensions. Psychiatry 82, 72\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00332747.2018.1560583 (2019).","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"7758_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2009.03.016","volume":"47","author":"M Joshanloo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Joshanloo, M. & Ghaedi, G. Value priorities as predictors of hedonic and eudaimonic aspects of well-being. Personality Individ. Differ. 47, 294\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2009.03.016 (2009).","journal-title":"Personality Individ. Differ."},{"key":"7758_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0992(200003\/04)30:2<177::AID-EJSP982>3.0.CO;2-Z","volume":"30","author":"L Sagiv","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sagiv, L. & Schwartz, S. H. Value priorities and subjective well-being: Direct relations and congruity effects. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 30, 177\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0992(200003\/04)30:2%3c177::AID-EJSP982%3e3.0.CO;2-Z (2000).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"7758_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1521\/ijct.2011.4.1.66","volume":"4","author":"HA Wheeler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wheeler, H. A., Blankstein, K. R., Antony, M. M., McCabe, R. E. & Bieling, P. J. Perfectionism in anxiety and depression: Comparisons across disorders, relations with symptom severity, and role of comorbidity. Int. J. Cogn. Ther. 4, 66\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/ijct.2011.4.1.66 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cogn. Ther."},{"key":"7758_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.07.002","volume":"58","author":"EA Arens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arens, E. A., Zeier, P., Schwieren, C., Huisgen, H. & Barnow, S. The perils of aiming too high: Discrepancy between goals and performance in individuals with depressive symptoms. J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry 58, 12\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.07.002 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"7758_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1080\/08870449808407422","volume":"13","author":"A Bandura","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bandura, A. Health promotion from the perspective of social cognitive theory. Psychol. Health 13, 623\u2013649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08870449808407422 (1998).","journal-title":"Psychol. Health"},{"key":"7758_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1845-0","volume":"27","author":"M-L Kristofferzon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kristofferzon, M.-L., Engstr\u00f6m, M. & Nilsson, A. Coping mediates the relationship between sense of coherence and mental quality of life in patients with chronic illness: A cross-sectional study. Qual. Life Res. 27, 1855\u20131863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-018-1845-0 (2018).","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"7758_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1037\/0000112-003","volume-title":"Clinical Handbook of Emotion-Focused Therapy","author":"LS Greenberg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Greenberg, L. S. & Goldman, R. N. Theory of practice of emotion-focused therapy. In Clinical Handbook of Emotion-Focused Therapy (eds Greenberg, L. S. & Goldman, R. N.) 61\u201389 (American Psychological Association, 2019)."},{"key":"7758_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.9.953","volume":"62","author":"AT Beck","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beck, A. T. The current state of cognitive therapy: A 40-year retrospective. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 62, 953\u2013959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.62.9.953 (2005).","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"7758_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226805","volume":"14","author":"B Lange","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lange, B. & Pauli, P. Social anxiety changes the way we move\u2014A social approach-avoidance task in a virtual reality CAVE system. PLoS ONE 14, 1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0226805 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7758_CR36","unstructured":"Statistisches Bundesamt (2022). Bildungsstand: Verteilung der Bev\u00f6lkerung in Deutschland nach h\u00f6chstem Schulabschluss. Stand 2019. Zitiert nach de.statista.com. Retrieved 03.02.2022, from https:\/\/de.statista.com\/statistik\/daten\/studie\/1988\/umfrage\/bildungsabschluesse-in-deutschland\/#professional"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-07758-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-07758-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-07758-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T00:10:39Z","timestamp":1669335039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-07758-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7758"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-07758-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 August 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 February 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3974"}}