{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T20:01:12Z","timestamp":1772136072633,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative of the European Union","award":["no. 875534 \u2013 SOPHIA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. 875534 \u2013 SOPHIA"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015_681742_NASCENT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015_681742_NASCENT"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swedish Research Council, Strategic Research Area Exodiab","award":["Dnr 2009-1039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Dnr 2009-1039"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research","award":["IRC15-0067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRC15-0067"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Research Council, Linnaeus Grant","award":["Dnr 349-2006-237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Dnr 349-2006-237"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003252","name":"Lund University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The present study assessed the temporal associations of\u2009~\u2009300 lifestyle exposures with nine cardiometabolic traits \u00a0to identify exposures\/exposure groups that might inform lifestyle interventions for the reduction of cardiometabolic disease\u00a0risk. The analyses were undertaken in a longitudinal sample comprising\u2009&gt;\u200931,000 adults living in northern Sweden. Linear mixed models were used to assess the average associations of lifestyle exposures and linear regression models were used to test associations with 10-year change in the cardiometabolic traits. \u2018Physical activity\u2019 and \u2018General Health\u2019 were the exposure categories containing the highest number of \u2018tentative signals\u2019 in analyses assessing the average association of lifestyle variables, while \u2018Tobacco use\u2019 was the top\u00a0category for the 10-year change association analyses. Eleven modifiable variables showed a consistent average association among the majority of cardiometabolic traits. These variables belonged to the domains: (i) Smoking, (ii) Beverage (filtered coffee), (iii) physical activity, (iv) alcohol intake, and (v) specific variables related to Nordic\u00a0lifestyle (hunting\/fishing during leisure time and boiled coffee\u00a0consumption). We used an agnostic, data-driven approach to assess a wide range of established and novel risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. Our findings highlight key variables, along with their respective effect estimates, that might be prioritised for subsequent prediction models and lifestyle interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08050-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T10:02:44Z","timestamp":1646733764000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Exposome-wide ranking of modifiable risk factors for cardiometabolic disease traits"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Alaitz","family":"Poveda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Pomares-Millan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azra","family":"Kurbasic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chirag J.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frida","family":"Renstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"Hallmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingegerd","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Franks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"8050_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.4129","volume":"311","author":"CJ Patel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Patel, C. J. & Ioannidis, J. P. Studying the elusive environment in large scale. JAMA 311(21), 2173\u20132174 (2014).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"8050_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10746","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010746","volume":"5","author":"CJ Patel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Patel, C. J., Bhattacharya, J. & Butte, A. J. An Environment-Wide Association Study (EWAS) on type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS ONE 5(5), e10746 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"21","key":"8050_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.114058","volume":"126","author":"I Tzoulaki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tzoulaki, I. et al. A nutrient-wide association study on blood pressure. Circulation 126(21), 2456\u20132464 (2012).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"8050_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2013.01.017","volume":"55","author":"PM Lind","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lind, P. M. et al. An environmental wide association study (EWAS) approach to the metabolic syndrome. Environ. Int. 55, 1\u20138 (2013).","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"8050_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall, M.A., Dudek, S.M., Goodloe, R. et al. Environment-wide association study (EWAS) for type 2 diabetes in the Marshfield personalized medicine research project biobank. Pac. Symp. Biocomput. 200\u2013211 (2014).","DOI":"10.1142\/9789814583220_0020"},{"key":"8050_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30373","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30373","volume":"6","author":"DP McGinnis","year":"2016","unstructured":"McGinnis, D. P., Brownstein, J. S. & Patel, C. J. Environment-wide association study of blood pressure in the national health and nutrition examination survey (1999\u20132012). Sci. Rep. 6, 30373 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"8050_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001767","volume":"32","author":"CJ Patel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patel, C. J. et al. Systematic identification of correlates of HIV infection: an X-wide association study. AIDS 32(7), 933\u2013943 (2018).","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"8050_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31308","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31308","volume":"6","author":"CJ Patel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patel, C. J. et al. Systematic assessment of pharmaceutical prescriptions in association with cancer risk: a method to conduct a population-wide medication-wide longitudinal study. Sci. Rep. 6, 31308 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"8050_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.01.006","volume":"269","author":"X Zhuang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhuang, X. et al. Environment-wide association study to identify novel factors associated with peripheral arterial disease: evidence from the national health and nutrition examination survey (1999\u20132004). Atherosclerosis 269, 172\u2013177 (2018).","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"8050_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/14034950310001432","volume":"61","author":"G Hallmans","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hallmans, G. et al. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study Cohort - evaluation of risk factors and their interactions. Scand. J. Publ. Health Suppl. 61, 18\u201324 (2003).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Publ. Health Suppl."},{"issue":"6","key":"8050_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","volume":"18","author":"WT Friedewald","year":"1972","unstructured":"Friedewald, W. T., Levy, R. I. & Fredrickson, D. S. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin. Chem. 18(6), 499\u2013502 (1972).","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"8050_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v5i0.18195","volume":"5","author":"N Ng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ng, N. et al. Trends of blood pressure levels and management in Vasterbotten County, Sweden, during 1990\u20132010. Glob. Health Action 5, 1\u201312 (2012).","journal-title":"Glob. Health Action"},{"key":"8050_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-8-60","volume":"8","author":"J Wu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wu, J. et al. An investigation of the effects of lipid-lowering medications: genome-wide linkage analysis of lipids in the HyperGEN study. BMC Genet. 8, 60 (2007).","journal-title":"BMC Genet."},{"issue":"19","key":"8050_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2165","volume":"24","author":"MD Tobin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tobin, M. D. et al. Adjusting for treatment effects in studies of quantitative traits: antihypertensive therapy and systolic blood pressure. Stat. Med. 24(19), 2911\u20132935 (2005).","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"8050_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000117161.66394.07","volume":"36","author":"PC Hallal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hallal, P. C. & Victora, C. G. Reliability and validity of the International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 36(3), 556 (2004).","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"8","key":"8050_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","volume":"35","author":"CL Craig","year":"2003","unstructured":"Craig, C. L. et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 35(8), 1381\u20131395 (2003).","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"3","key":"8050_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2001315","volume":"5","author":"I Johansson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Johansson, I. et al. Validation and calibration of food-frequency questionnaire measurements in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease cohort. Public Health Nutr 5(3), 487\u2013496 (2002).","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"8050_CR18","unstructured":"Livsmedelsverket. The food database. (https:\/\/www.livsmedelsverket.se\/en\/food-and-content\/naringsamnen\/livsmedelsdatabasen). (Accessed 29th June 2018)."},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"8050_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.4.1220S","volume":"65","author":"WC Willett","year":"1997","unstructured":"Willett, W. C., Howe, G. R. & Kushi, L. H. Adjustment for total energy intake in epidemiologic studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 65(4 Suppl), 1220S-1228S (1997) (discussion 9S-31S).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"8050_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","volume":"57","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"1995","unstructured":"Benjamini, Y. & Hochberg, Y. Controlling the false discovery rate - a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J. R. Stat. Soc. B Met. 57(1), 289\u2013300 (1995).","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. B Met."},{"key":"8050_CR21","unstructured":"R Development Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistic computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistic Computing (2015)."},{"issue":"9838","key":"8050_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61031-9","volume":"380","author":"IM Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee, I. M. et al. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet 380(9838), 219\u2013229 (2012).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"8050_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.046","volume":"201","author":"S Chelland Campbell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chelland Campbell, S., Moffatt, R. J. & Stamford, B. A. Smoking and smoking cessation \u2013 the relationship between cardiovascular disease and lipoprotein metabolism: a review. Atherosclerosis 201(2), 225\u2013235 (2008).","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"4","key":"8050_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164117701876","volume":"14","author":"M Sliwinska-Mosson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sliwinska-Mosson, M. & Milnerowicz, H. The impact of smoking on the development of diabetes and its complications. Diab. Vasc. Dis. Res. 14(4), 265\u2013276 (2017).","journal-title":"Diab. Vasc. Dis. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"8050_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.4.353","volume":"153","author":"SH Jee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jee, S. H. et al. Coffee consumption and serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Am. J. Epidemiol. 153(4), 353\u2013362 (2001).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"8050_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2016.1272045","volume":"58","author":"P Penson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Penson, P. et al. Does coffee consumption alter plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations? A systematic review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 58(10), 1706\u20131714 (2018).","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"8050_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuy014","volume":"76","author":"M Carlstrom","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carlstrom, M. & Larsson, S. C. Coffee consumption and reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Nutr. Rev. 76(6), 395\u2013417 (2018).","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"8050_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu194","volume":"180","author":"A Crippa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Crippa, A. et al. Coffee consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis. Am. J. Epidemiol. 180(8), 763\u2013775 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"8050_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509992753","volume":"103","author":"JL Adolphe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adolphe, J. L. et al. Health effects with consumption of the flax lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside. Br. J. Nutr. 103(7), 929\u2013938 (2010).","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"9196","key":"8050_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05031-X","volume":"354","author":"M Vanharanta","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vanharanta, M. et al. Risk of acute coronary events according to serum concentrations of enterolactone: a prospective population-based case-control study. Lancet 354(9196), 2112\u20132115 (1999).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"8050_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nordic Council. Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012. Integrating Nutrition and Physical Activity. 5th ed. (2012).","DOI":"10.6027\/Nord2014-002"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-08050-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-08050-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-08050-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T18:39:08Z","timestamp":1726771148000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-08050-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-08050-1","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.03.22.21254099","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4088"}}