{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:16:01Z","timestamp":1759335361379},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The coracohumeral ligament (CHL) is an important structure of the biceps pulley which also merges with the rotator cuff. Which role it actually plays in the pathogenesis of rotator cuff degeneration (RCD) and rotator cuff tears (RCT) is still a point of discussion. The hypothesis of this study was, that macroscopic injury to the anterosuperior part of the rotator cuff also includes parts of or the whole CHL. Forty fresh-frozen shoulders were dissected and examined, the morphology of the rotator cuff and the coracohumeral ligament were evaluated and existing lesions documented. 27.5% of the shoulder joints showed an anterosuperior full-thickness RCT. 57.5% of all examined shoulder girdles showed at least a partial rupture of the CHL. A highly significant correlation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, rho\u2009=\u20090.529) between the presence of rotator cuff tears and ruptures of the CHL was found. Cartilage damage within the anterosuperior section of the humeral head was observed in 20% cases. In rotator cuff degeneration and atraumatic rotator cuff tears of the elderly population, the pathomechanism of full-thickness RCT is based on repetitive anterosuperior glenoid impingement. This is especially supported by the identification of a higher frequency of CHL lesions compared to RCT reported in this study. No intact CHL was identified in shoulders with damaged rotator cuff tendons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08070-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T17:05:23Z","timestamp":1646931923000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association of damage to the coracohumeral ligament with anterosuperior rotator cuff degeneration revealed by anatomical dissection"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lukas","family":"Unerfu\u00dfer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilbert Manuel","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Hirtler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"8070_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-193101000-00043","volume":"93","author":"EA Codman","year":"1931","unstructured":"Codman, E. A. & Akerson, I. B. The pathology associated with rupture of the supraspinatus tendon. Ann. Surg. 93, 348\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000658-193101000-00043 (1931).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"8070_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.46B2.314","volume":"46","author":"RE Cotton","year":"1964","unstructured":"Cotton, R. E. & Rideout, D. F. Tears of the humeral rotator cuff; a radiological and pathological necropsy survey. J. Bone Jt. Surg. Brit. Vol. 46, 314\u2013328 (1964).","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Brit. Vol."},{"key":"8070_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-193306000-00007","volume":"97","author":"EL Keyes","year":"1933","unstructured":"Keyes, E. L. Observations on rupture of the supraspinatus tendon: based upon a study of seventy-three cadavers. Ann. Surg. 97, 849\u2013856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000658-193306000-00007 (1933).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"8070_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198303000-00010","volume":"173","author":"CS Neer 2nd","year":"1983","unstructured":"Neer, C. S. 2nd. Impingement lesions. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 173, 70\u201377 (1983).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"8070_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870080-00015","volume":"70","author":"J Ozaki","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ozaki, J., Fujimoto, S., Nakagawa, Y., Masuhara, K. & Tamai, S. Tears of the rotator cuff of the shoulder associated with pathological changes in the acromion. A study in cadavera. J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. Vol. 70, 1224\u20131230 (1988).","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. Vol."},{"key":"8070_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198304000-00020","volume":"174","author":"CJ Petersson","year":"1983","unstructured":"Petersson, C. J. & Gentz, C. F. Ruptures of the supraspinatus tendon. The significance of distally pointing acromioclavicular osteophytes. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 174, 143\u2013148 (1983).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"8070_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/s1058-2746(99)90148-9","volume":"8","author":"S Tempelhof","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tempelhof, S., Rupp, S. & Seil, R. Age-related prevalence of rotator cuff tears in asymptomatic shoulders. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 8, 296\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1058-2746(99)90148-9 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"8070_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B2.7706351","volume":"77","author":"C Milgrom","year":"1995","unstructured":"Milgrom, C., Schaffler, M., Gilbert, S. & van Holsbeeck, M. Rotator-cuff changes in asymptomatic adults. The effect of age, hand dominance and gender. J. Bone Jt. Surg. Brit. Vol. 77, 296\u2013298 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Brit. Vol."},{"key":"8070_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199501000-00002","volume":"77","author":"JS Sher","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sher, J. S., Uribe, J. W., Posada, A., Murphy, B. J. & Zlatkin, M. B. Abnormal findings on magnetic resonance images of asymptomatic shoulders. J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. Vol. 77, 10\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-199501000-00002 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. Vol."},{"key":"8070_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2012.06.024","volume":"29","author":"NA Mall","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mall, N. A. et al. An evidenced-based examination of the epidemiology and outcomes of traumatic rotator cuff tears. Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg. Off. Publ. Arthrosc. Assoc. N. Am. Int. Arthrosc. Assoc. 29, 366\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2012.06.024 (2013).","journal-title":"Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg. Off. Publ. Arthrosc. Assoc. N. Am. Int. Arthrosc. Assoc."},{"key":"8070_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199274010-00008","volume":"74","author":"DT Harryman 2nd","year":"1992","unstructured":"Harryman, D. T. 2nd., Sidles, J. A., Harris, S. L. & Matsen, F. A. 3rd. The role of the rotator interval capsule in passive motion and stability of the shoulder. J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. Vol. 74, 53\u201366 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. Vol."},{"key":"8070_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2000.106746","volume":"9","author":"B Jost","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jost, B., Koch, P. P. & Gerber, C. Anatomy and functional aspects of the rotator interval. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 9, 336\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mse.2000.106746 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"8070_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(09)80020-7","volume":"3","author":"G Walch","year":"1994","unstructured":"Walch, G., Nove-Josserand, L., Levigne, C. & Renaud, E. Tears of the supraspinatus tendon associated with \u201chidden\u201d lesions of the rotator interval. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 3, 353\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1058-2746(09)80020-7 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"8070_CR14","volume-title":"Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice","author":"S Standring","year":"2016","unstructured":"Standring, S. Gray\u2019s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (Elsevier Limited, 2016)."},{"key":"8070_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110228632","volume-title":"Waldeyer\u2014Anatomie des Menschen: Lehrbuch und Atlas in einem Band","author":"A Waldeyer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Waldeyer, A., Anderhuber, F., Pera, F. & Streicher, J. Waldeyer\u2014Anatomie des Menschen: Lehrbuch und Atlas in einem Band (De Gruyter, 2012)."},{"key":"8070_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677909024092","volume":"50","author":"P Slatis","year":"1979","unstructured":"Slatis, P. & Aalto, K. Medial dislocation of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii. Acta Orthop. Scand. 50, 73\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17453677909024092 (1979).","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Scand."},{"key":"8070_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280021001","volume":"28","author":"JE Kuhn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kuhn, J. E., Bey, M. J., Huston, L. J., Blasier, R. B. & Soslowsky, L. J. Ligamentous restraints to external rotation of the humerus in the late-cocking phase of throwing. A cadaveric biomechanical investigation. Am. J. Sports Med. 28, 200\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03635465000280021001 (2000).","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"8070_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2555-3-2","volume":"3","author":"T Izumi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Izumi, T. et al. Stretching positions for the coracohumeral ligament: Strain measurement during passive motion using fresh\/frozen cadaver shoulders. Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rehabil. Ther. Technol. 3, 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1758-2555-3-2 (2011).","journal-title":"Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rehabil. Ther. Technol."},{"key":"8070_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659001800103","volume":"18","author":"DA Ferrari","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ferrari, D. A. Capsular ligaments of the shoulder. Anatomical and functional study of the anterior superior capsule. Am. J. Sports Med. 18, 20\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/036354659001800103 (1990).","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"8070_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(09)80090-6","volume":"3","author":"F Gohlke","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gohlke, F., Essigkrug, B. & Schmitz, F. The pattern of the collagen fiber bundles of the capsule of the glenohumeral joint. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 3, 111\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1058-2746(09)80090-6 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"8070_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280011701","volume":"28","author":"A Werner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Werner, A., Mueller, T., Boehm, D. & Gohlke, F. The stabilizing sling for the long head of the biceps tendon in the rotator cuff interval. A histoanatomic study. Am. J. Sports Med. 28, 28\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03635465000280011701 (2000).","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"8070_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-4374-9","volume":"25","author":"A Godeneche","year":"2017","unstructured":"Godeneche, A. et al. Relationship between subscapularis tears and injuries to the biceps pulley. Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. Off. J. ESSKA 25, 2114\u20132120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-016-4374-9 (2017).","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. Off. J. ESSKA"},{"key":"8070_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(00)80105-3","volume":"182","author":"I Kolts","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kolts, I. et al. Anatomy of the coracohumaerl and coracoglenoidal ligaments. Ann. Anat. Anat. Anz. Off. Organ Anat. Ges. 182, 563\u2013566 (2000).","journal-title":"Ann. Anat. Anat. Anz. Off. Organ Anat. Ges."},{"key":"8070_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197052060-00001","volume":"52","author":"CS Neer 2nd","year":"1970","unstructured":"Neer, C. S. 2nd. Displaced proximal humeral fractures. I. Classification and evaluation. J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. Vol. 52, 1077\u20131089 (1970).","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. Vol."},{"key":"8070_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2008.07.012","volume":"18","author":"HF Yang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yang, H. F. et al. An anatomic and histologic study of the coracohumeral ligament. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 18, 305\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2008.07.012 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"8070_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.73B1.1991752","volume":"73","author":"JG Edelson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Edelson, J. G., Taitz, C. & Grishkan, A. The coracohumeral ligament. Anatomy of a substantial but neglected structure. J. Bone Jt. Surg. Brit. Vol. 73, 150\u2013153 (1991).","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Brit. Vol."},{"key":"8070_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/1058-2746(93)90003-Y","volume":"2","author":"DE Cooper","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cooper, D. E., O\u2019Brien, S. J., Arnoczky, S. P. & Warren, R. F. The structure and function of the coracohumeral ligament: An anatomic and microscopic study. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2, 70\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/1058-2746(93)90003-Y (1993).","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"8070_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.02.009","volume":"23","author":"R Arai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arai, R. et al. The anatomy of the coracohumeral ligament and its relation to the subscapularis muscle. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 23, 1575\u20131581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2014.02.009 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"8070_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0218715","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218715","volume":"14","author":"GM Schwarz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schwarz, G. M. & Hirtler, L. Ectopic tendons of the pectoralis minor muscle as cause for shoulder pain and motion inhibition\u2014Explaining clinically important variabilities through phylogenesis. PLoS ONE 14, e0218715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0218715 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"8070_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-011-0780-3","volume":"33","author":"S Abe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abe, S., Nakamura, T., Rodriguez-Vazquez, J. F., Murakami, G. & Ide, Y. Early fetal development of the rotator interval region of the shoulder with special reference to topographical relationships among related tendons and ligaments. Surg. Radiol. Anat. SRA 33, 609\u2013615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00276-011-0780-3 (2011).","journal-title":"Surg. Radiol. Anat. SRA"},{"key":"8070_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.02.011","volume":"4","author":"F Martetschlager","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martetschlager, F., Zampeli, F., Tauber, M. & Habermeyer, P. Lesions of the biceps pulley: A prospective study and classification update. JSES Int. 4, 318\u2013323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.02.011 (2020).","journal-title":"JSES Int."},{"key":"8070_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520917665","volume":"48","author":"TJ Dekker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dekker, T. J. et al. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the glenohumeral ligaments: An anatomic study. Am. J. Sports Med. 48, 1837\u20131845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546520917665 (2020).","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"8070_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.a2017.0031","volume":"76","author":"C Sun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun, C., Zhong, B., Pan, Z., Du, D. & Min, X. Anatomical structure of the coracohumeral ligament and its effect on shoulder joint stability. Folia Morphol. (Warsz) 76, 720\u2013729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5603\/FM.a2017.0031 (2017).","journal-title":"Folia Morphol. (Warsz)"},{"key":"8070_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2003.09.013","volume":"13","author":"P Habermeyer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Habermeyer, P., Magosch, P., Pritsch, M., Scheibel, M. T. & Lichtenberg, S. Anterosuperior impingement of the shoulder as a result of pulley lesions: A prospective arthroscopic study. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 13, 5\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2003.09.013 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"8070_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.04.001","volume":"19","author":"R Arai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arai, R. et al. Functional anatomy of the superior glenohumeral and coracohumeral ligaments and the subscapularis tendon in view of stabilization of the long head of the biceps tendon. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 19, 58\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2009.04.001 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"8070_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/s1058-2746(96)80050-4","volume":"5","author":"ND Boardman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Boardman, N. D. et al. Tensile properties of the superior glenohumeral and coracohumeral ligaments. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 5, 249\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1058-2746(96)80050-4 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"8070_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2007.04.011","volume":"17","author":"B Baumann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baumann, B., Genning, K., Bohm, D., Rolf, O. & Gohlke, F. Arthroscopic prevalence of pulley lesions in 1007 consecutive patients. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 17, 14\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2007.04.011 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"8070_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2001.21239","volume":"17","author":"WF Bennett","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bennett, W. F. Subscapularis, medial, and lateral head coracohumeral ligament insertion anatomy. Arthroscopic appearance and incidence of \u201chidden\u201d rotator interval lesions. Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg. Off. Publ. Arthrosc. Assoc. N. Am. Int. Arthrosc. Assoc. 17, 173\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/jars.2001.21239 (2001).","journal-title":"Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg. Off. Publ. Arthrosc. Assoc. N. Am. Int. Arthrosc. Assoc."},{"key":"8070_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/s1058-2746(98)90204-x","volume":"7","author":"G Sakurai","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sakurai, G., Ozaki, J., Tomita, Y., Kondo, T. & Tamai, S. Incomplete tears of the subscapularis tendon associated with tears of the supraspinatus tendon: Cadaveric and clinical studies. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 7, 510\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1058-2746(98)90204-x (1998).","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"8070_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-017-2721-z","volume":"137","author":"N Hawi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hawi, N., Liodakis, E., Garving, C., Habermeyer, P. & Tauber, M. Pulley lesions in rotator cuff tears: Prevalence, etiology, and concomitant pathologies. Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg. 137, 1097\u20131105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-017-2721-z (2017).","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg."},{"key":"8070_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E46","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2002.36465","volume":"18","author":"GS Motley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Motley, G. S., Osbahr, D. C., Holovacs, T. F. & Speer, K. P. An arthroscopic technique for confirming intra-articular subluxation of the long head of the biceps tendon: The ramp test. Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg. Off. Publ. Arthrosc. Assoc. N. Am. Int. Arthrosc. Assoc. 18, E46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/jars.2002.36465 (2002).","journal-title":"Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg. Off. Publ. Arthrosc. Assoc. N. Am. Int. Arthrosc. Assoc."},{"key":"8070_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198204000-00008","volume":"164","author":"DH O'Donoghue","year":"1982","unstructured":"O\u2019Donoghue, D. H. Subluxing biceps tendon in the athlete. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 164, 26\u201329 (1982).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"8070_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2000.109322","volume":"9","author":"C Gerber","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gerber, C. & Sebesta, A. Impingement of the deep surface of the subscapularis tendon and the reflection pulley on the anterosuperior glenoid rim: A preliminary report. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 9, 483\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mse.2000.109322 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"8070_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2002.29868","volume":"18","author":"S Struhl","year":"2002","unstructured":"Struhl, S. Anterior internal impingement: An arthroscopic observation. Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg. Off. Publ. Arthrosc. Assoc. N. Am. Int. Arthrosc. Assoc. 18, 2\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/jars.2002.29868 (2002).","journal-title":"Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg. Off. Publ. Arthrosc. Assoc. N. Am. Int. Arthrosc. Assoc."},{"key":"8070_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198610000-00029","volume":"211","author":"CJ Petersson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Petersson, C. J. Spontaneous medial dislocation of the tendon of the long biceps brachii. An anatomic study of prevalence and pathomechanics. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 211, 224\u2013227 (1986).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"8070_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(09)80065-7","volume":"1","author":"G Walch","year":"1992","unstructured":"Walch, G., Boileau, P., Noel, E. & Donell, S. T. Impingement of the deep surface of the supraspinatus tendon on the posterosuperior glenoid rim: An arthroscopic study. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1, 238\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1058-2746(09)80065-7 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"8070_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/s1058-2746(98)90026-x","volume":"7","author":"AG Schneeberger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schneeberger, A. G., Nyffeler, R. W. & Gerber, C. Structural changes of the rotator cuff caused by experimental subacromial impingement in the rat. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 7, 375\u2013380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1058-2746(98)90026-x (1998).","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. Am. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"8070_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.67B5.4055864","volume":"67","author":"C Gerber","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gerber, C., Terrier, F. & Ganz, R. The role of the coracoid process in the chronic impingement syndrome. J. Bone Jt. Surg. Brit. Vol. 67, 703\u2013708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.67B5.4055864 (1985).","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Brit. Vol."},{"key":"8070_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2019.01.018","volume":"8","author":"ZS Aman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aman, Z. S. et al. Coracohumeral ligament reconstruction for patients with multidirectional shoulder instability. Arthrosc. Tech. 8, e561\u2013e565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eats.2019.01.018 (2019).","journal-title":"Arthrosc. Tech."},{"key":"8070_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508314391","volume":"36","author":"TS Mologne","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mologne, T. S. et al. The addition of rotator interval closure after arthroscopic repair of either anterior or posterior shoulder instability: Effect on glenohumeral translation and range of motion. Am. J. Sports Med. 36, 1123\u20131131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546508314391 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"8070_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/s0039-6109(16)37139-0","volume":"43","author":"JE Bateman","year":"1963","unstructured":"Bateman, J. E. The diagnosis and treatment of ruptures of the rotator cuff. Surg. Clin. N. Am. 43, 1523\u20131530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0039-6109(16)37139-0 (1963).","journal-title":"Surg. Clin. N. Am."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-08070-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-08070-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-08070-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T17:51:38Z","timestamp":1700329898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-08070-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8070"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-08070-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 August 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 March 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4238"}}