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Here, 17 ancient head lice nits were recovered from six shrunken human heads (known as\n                    <jats:italic>tsantsas<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) of individuals from the Shuar\/Jivaro tribe, a native Amazonian population from Ecuador, South America.\n                    <jats:italic>Cytochrome b<\/jats:italic>\n                    DNA analysis revealed the presence of three known mitochondrial clades. Clade A was the most frequent (52.94%), followed by F (35.29%), and B (11.76%). Eleven haplotypes were found in 17 samples, and nine of the haplotypes were novel, indicating an unusually high genetic diversity. In conclusion, we confirmed the presence of clades A, B and F in South Amerindian population. Moreover, the description of clade F, together with its previous reports in another Amerindian population from French Guiana, strongly support the hypothesis of a native South American origin for this clade, and probably derived from clade B which was carried to America by an ancestral Eurasian Beringian population. Further support to our conclusion and new insights might come from the analysis of a larger collection of modern and ancient native American lice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08176-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T06:02:47Z","timestamp":1647064967000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Putative native South Amerindian origin of head lice clade F: evidence from head lice nits infesting human shrunken heads"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Nadia","family":"Amanzougaghene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Charlier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Fenollar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleg","family":"Mediannikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"8176_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amanzougaghene, N., Fenollar, F., Raoult, D. & Mediannikov, O. 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