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We aimed to compare ceftolozane\/tazobactam (C\/T) with colistimethate sodium (CMS) in the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) due to extensively drug-resistant (XDR) <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>. A retrospective, observational study was performed at a tertiary care ICU. Clinical and microbiological success rate, 28-day all-cause mortality, and adverse events were compared in patients who received C\/T with those treated with systemic CMS. A total of 51 patients were included (18 in the C\/T and 33 in the CMS group). Clinical success rates in the C\/T and CMS groups were 13 (72.2%) and 10 (30.3%), respectively. On multivariate regression analysis, treatment with C\/T was independently associated with clinical success (odds ratio 4.47, 95% CI 1.17\u201317.08). There was no difference in 28-day all-cause mortality (27.8% and 33.3% in the C\/T and CMS group, p\u2009=\u20090.76). Acute kidney injury was more common in patients who received CMS (48.5% vs 11.1%, p\u2009=\u20090.01). In our study, ceftolozane\/tazobactam was more efficacious in the treatment of XDR <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> VAP and showed a better safety profile compared to CMS.\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08307-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T17:03:30Z","timestamp":1647363810000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Ceftolozane\/tazobactam versus colistin in the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia due to extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Bence","family":"Mogyor\u00f3di","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e1s B.","family":"Cs\u00e9k\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Csaba","family":"Hermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1nos","family":"G\u00e1l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zsolt D.","family":"Iv\u00e1nyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"8307_CR1","volume-title":"Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Europe 2018","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2018","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 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