{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T17:20:55Z","timestamp":1788888055047,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647475200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21975041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21975041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The thermal gelation property of proteins is useful in creating protein-based materials. The gelation of protein solution often proceeds by the random aggregation of denatured proteins, and the protein-based gels are typically brittle or opaque, or both. Improvement in the mechanical and optical properties of protein-based materials are required for them to be practical and functional. This study investigated pigeon egg white, which is semitransparent in its thermally gelled state, as a protein source for creating hydrogel materials. The protein thermal gelation process was initiated from the orderly condensed state of proteins complexed with monodisperse ionic surfactants to suppress random aggregation. The resultant gel showed transparency in the visible light region and was not destroyed at 99% compression under 17.8\u00a0MPa compressive stress, 350-fold higher than the compressive fracture strength of typical boiled pigeon egg white. These results showed that durable transparent hydrogels could be fabricated by the rational combination of natural proteins and surfactants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08375-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T13:11:58Z","timestamp":1647522718000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pigeon egg white protein-based transparent durable hydrogel via monodisperse ionic surfactant-mediated protein condensation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xinlian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaozao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Nojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"8375_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2007.03.012","volume":"59","author":"PB Malafaya","year":"2007","unstructured":"Malafaya, P. B., Silva, G. A. & Reis, R. L. Natural-origin polymers as carriers and scaffolds for biomolecules and cell delivery in tissue engineering applications. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 59, 207\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addr.2007.03.012 (2007).","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"8375_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2020.04.007","volume":"63","author":"P Katyal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Katyal, P., Mahmoudinobar, F. & Montclare, J. K. Recent trends in peptide and protein-based hydrogels. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 63, 97\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbi.2020.04.007 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"8375_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmacrolett.0c00109","volume":"9","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, Y., Xue, B. & Cao, Y. 100th anniversary of macromolecular science viewpoint: Synthetic protein hydrogels. Acs Macro Lett. 9, 512\u2013524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsmacrolett.0c00109 (2020).","journal-title":"Acs Macro Lett."},{"key":"8375_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1021\/bm990017d","volume":"1","author":"AI Van den Bulcke","year":"2000","unstructured":"Van den Bulcke, A. I. et al. Structural and rheological properties of methacrylamide modified gelatin hydrogels. Biomacromol 1, 31\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/bm990017d (2000).","journal-title":"Biomacromol"},{"key":"8375_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-7021(12)70091-3","volume":"15","author":"X Hu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hu, X., Cebe, P., Weiss, A. S., Omenetto, F. & Kaplan, D. L. Protein-based composite materials. Mater Today 15, 208\u2013215 (2012).","journal-title":"Mater Today"},{"key":"8375_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5379","DOI":"10.1021\/ma800476x","volume":"41","author":"T Sakai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sakai, T. et al. Design and fabrication of a high-strength hydrogel with ideally homogeneous network structure from tetrahedron-like macromonomers. Macromolecules 41, 5379\u20135384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ma800476x (2008).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"8375_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1021\/ma802280n","volume":"42","author":"T Matsunaga","year":"2009","unstructured":"Matsunaga, T., Sakai, T., Akagi, Y., Chung, U. & Shibayama, M. Structure characterization of tetra-PEG gel by small-angle neutron scattering. Macromolecules 42, 1344\u20131351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ma802280n (2009).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"8375_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1002\/food.200390084","volume":"47","author":"L Campbell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Campbell, L., Raikos, V. & Euston, S. R. Modification of functional properties of egg-white proteins. Nahrung 47, 369\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/food.200390084 (2003).","journal-title":"Nahrung"},{"key":"8375_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0109975","volume":"50","author":"YX Sun","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sun, Y. X. & Hayakawa, S. Heat-induced gels of egg white\/ovalbumins from five avian species: Thermal aggregation, molecular forces involved, and rheological properties. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50, 1636\u20131642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jf0109975 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"8375_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5726","DOI":"10.1021\/jf050289+","volume":"53","author":"I Van der Plancken","year":"2005","unstructured":"Van der Plancken, I., Van Loey, A. & Hendrickx, M. E. G. Changes in sulfhydryl content of egg white proteins due to heat and pressure treatment. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53, 5726\u20135733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jf050289+ (2005).","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"8375_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e460","DOI":"10.1038\/am.2017.219","volume":"10","author":"T Nojima","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nojima, T. & Iyoda, T. Egg white-based strong hydrogel via ordered protein condensation. Npg Asia Mater. 10, e460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/am.2017.219 (2018).","journal-title":"Npg Asia Mater."},{"key":"8375_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201609974","volume":"56","author":"T Nojima","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nojima, T. & Iyoda, T. Water-rich fluid material containing orderly condensed proteins. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 56, 1308\u20131312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.201609974 (2017).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"8375_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1039\/c6qo00398b","volume":"3","author":"AM Wawro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wawro, A. M., Muraoka, T., Kato, M. & Kinbara, K. Multigram chromatography-free synthesis of octa(ethylene glycol) p-toluenesulfonate. Org. Chem. Front. 3, 1524\u20131534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c6qo00398b (2016).","journal-title":"Org. Chem. Front."},{"key":"8375_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1039\/c6py00127k","volume":"7","author":"AM Wawro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wawro, A. M., Muraoka, T. & Kinbara, K. Chromatography-free synthesis of monodisperse oligo(ethylene glycol) mono-p-toluenesulfonates and quantitative analysis of oligomer purity. Polym. Chem. 7, 2389\u20132394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c6py00127k (2016).","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"8375_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23221","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M101379200","volume":"276","author":"N Suzuki","year":"2001","unstructured":"Suzuki, N., Khoo, K. H., Chen, H. C., Johnson, J. R. & Lee, Y. C. Isolation and characterization of major glycoproteins of pigeon egg white\u2014Ubiquitous presence of unique N-glycans containing Gal alpha 1\u20134Gal. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 23221\u201323229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M101379200 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"8375_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.22786","volume":"330","author":"SJ Shbailat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shbailat, S. J. & Aslan, I. O. Fate of egg proteins during the development of Columba livia domestica embryo. J. Exp. Zool. Part B 330, 23\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jez.b.22786 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool. Part B"},{"key":"8375_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.2174\/0929866523666161025120953","volume":"24","author":"J Ren","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ren, J. et al. Identification of egg white proteins and divergence in the regulatory region of the ovalbumin gene in avians. Protein Pept. Lett. 24, 12\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0929866523666161025120953 (2017).","journal-title":"Protein Pept. Lett."},{"key":"8375_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3839","volume":"13","author":"SR Caliari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Caliari, S. R. & Burdick, J. A. A practical guide to hydrogels for cell culture. Nat. Methods 13, 405\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.3839 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"8375_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2007.06.004","volume":"3","author":"Y Sakai","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sakai, Y. & Nakazawa, K. Technique for the control of spheroid diameter using microfabricated chips. Acta Biomater. 3, 1033\u20131040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2007.06.004 (2007).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-08375-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-08375-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-08375-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T19:21:35Z","timestamp":1669317695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-08375-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-08375-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 September 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 March 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4633"}}