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Our objectives were to document analytes affected by storage of serum samples at \u2212\u200920\u00a0\u00b0C vs \u2212\u200980\u00a0\u00b0C, and to identify those indicative of the storage temperature. We utilized liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and Luminex to quantify 300 analytes from serum samples of 16 Finnish individuals with type 1 diabetes, with split-aliquot samples stored at \u2212\u200980\u00a0\u00b0C and \u2212\u200920\u00a0\u00b0C for a median of 4.2\u00a0years. Results were validated in 315 Finnish and 916 Scottish individuals with type 1 diabetes, stored at \u2212\u200920\u00a0\u00b0C and at \u2212\u200980\u00a0\u00b0C, respectively. After quality control, we analysed 193 metabolites and proteins of which 120 were apparently unaffected and 15 clearly susceptible to storage at \u2212\u200920\u00a0\u00b0C vs \u2212\u200980\u00a0\u00b0C. Further, we identified serum glutamate\/glutamine ratio greater than 0.20 as a biomarker of storage at \u2212\u200920\u00a0\u00b0C vs \u2212\u200980\u00a0\u00b0C. The results provide a catalogue of analytes unaffected and affected by storage at \u2212\u200920\u00a0\u00b0C vs \u2212\u200980\u00a0\u00b0C and biomarkers indicative of sub-optimal storage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08429-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T07:04:45Z","timestamp":1647500685000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Effect of serum sample storage temperature on metabolomic and proteomic biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Erkka","family":"Valo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niina","family":"Sandholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart J.","family":"McGurnaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke A. 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P-HG is an advisor for AbbVie, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cebix, Eli Lilly, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi. HMC receives research support and honorarium and is also a member of the advisory panels and speaker\u2019s bureaus for Sanofi Aventis, Regeneron, and Eli Lilly. HMC has been a member of DSMB of the Advisory Panel for the CANTOS Trial (Novartis Pharmaceuticals). HMC also receives or has recently received a non-binding research support from Pfizer Inc., and AstraZeneca LP. HMC is a shareholder of Roche Pharmaceuticals and Bayer. RND and CT are Directors of SpOtOn Clinical Diagnostics Ltd. EV, MC, NS, SJM, LAKB, DBD, PMM, and CF declare that there is no duality of interest associated with their contribution to this manuscript.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4571"}}