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A lack of genetic tools in\n                    <jats:italic>L. hesperus<\/jats:italic>\n                    hinders progress in functional genomics and in developing innovative pest control methods such as gene drive. Here, using RNA interference (RNAi) against\n                    <jats:italic>cardinal<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>LhCd<\/jats:italic>\n                    ),\n                    <jats:italic>cinnabar<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>LhCn<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and\n                    <jats:italic>white<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>LhW<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), we showed that knockdown of\n                    <jats:italic>LhW<\/jats:italic>\n                    was lethal to developing embryos, while knockdown of\n                    <jats:italic>LhCd<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>LhCn<\/jats:italic>\n                    produced bright red eye phenotypes, in contrast to wild-type brown eyes. We further used CRISPR\/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats\/CRISPR-associated) genome editing to generate germline knockouts of both\n                    <jats:italic>LhCd<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Card) and\n                    <jats:italic>LhCn<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Cinn), producing separate strains of\n                    <jats:italic>L. hesperus<\/jats:italic>\n                    characterized by mutant eye phenotypes. Although the\n                    <jats:italic>cardinal<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockout strain Card exhibited a gradual darkening of the eyes to brown typical of the wild-type line later in nymphal development, we observed bright red eyes throughout all life stages in the\n                    <jats:italic>cinnabar<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockout strain Cinn, making it a viable marker for tracking gene editing in\n                    <jats:italic>L. hesperus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These results provide evidence that CRISPR\/Cas9 gene editing functions in\n                    <jats:italic>L. hesperus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and that eye pigmentation genes are useful for tracking the successful genetic manipulation of this insect.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08908-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T03:02:49Z","timestamp":1648004569000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["CRISPR-mediated knockout of cardinal and cinnabar eye pigmentation genes in the western tarnished plant bug"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chan C.","family":"Heu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roni J.","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin P.","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dannialle M.","family":"LeRoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baochan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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