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In the present study water sources of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), China, where the hygienic infrastructure is still developing, were investigated. A total of 214 water samples of 10 L volume, were collected from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), a slaughterhouse and rivers. The samples were filtered and then analysed using real-time PCR and multilocus genotyping. <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> DNA was found in four (1.9%) samples representing <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> type I; in one of them <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>-like oocysts were also confirmed microscopically. The approximate level of contamination of positive samples ranged between 30 and 2300\u00a0T<jats:italic>. gondii<\/jats:italic> sporozoites. The results of this study confirmed that <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> is present in wastewater in the greater metropolitan area of Xining and a neighbouring county. Contamination of wastewater at this level constitutes rather a moderate source of <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> infections in humans and animals. It suggests, however, a link between environmental exposure of animals, meat processing facilities and WWTPs. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation describing <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> detection in wastewater and environmental water samples collected from the territory of P.R. China using sensitive molecular tools.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09166-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T10:04:10Z","timestamp":1648721050000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii in wastewater and surface water in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China using real-time PCR and multilocus genotyping"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Lass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Kontogeorgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Karanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"9166_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05013-11","volume":"25","author":"F Robert-Gangneux","year":"2012","unstructured":"Robert-Gangneux, F. & Dard\u00e9, M.-L. 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