{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,15]],"date-time":"2026-11-15T08:48:33Z","timestamp":1794732513771,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649203200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Desert Research Center","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04dzf3m45","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The synthesis of different metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) (e.g., ZnO, MgO and SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) using green methods is a promising alternative to traditional chemical methods. In this work, ZnO, MgO, and SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs were prepared using lemon peel extract. The synthesized NPs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV\u2013Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Also, the effects of the green synthesis of different NPs on the irrigation water quality, the availability of some heavy metals in soil and plants, and the productivity of\n                    <jats:italic>Origanum\u00a0majorana<\/jats:italic>\n                    (marjoram) were studied in detail. The obtained results showed that the addition of the NPs resulted in noticeable variations in the removal percentages of Cu\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Fe\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    from aqueous solutions. The maximum values obtained for the adsorption of Cu(II) on ZnO, MgO, and SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs within the pH values of 3\u20135 were 89.9%, 83.3%, and 68.36%, respectively. Meanwhile, the maximum adsorption values of Fe(III) at pH 3.3 were 82%, 80%, and 65% for ZnO, MgO, and SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs, respectively. Clearly, the application of the NPs effectively reduced the available Cu\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    in the studied soil samples in the following order: Zn2\u2009&gt;\u2009Zn1\u2009&gt;\u2009Mg2\u2009&gt;\u2009Si2\u2009&gt;\u2009Mg1\u2009&gt;\u2009Si1\u2009&gt;\u2009C (control). The highest values of available Cu\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    were observed in the control treatment, whereas the lowest values were obtained when Zn2 was added. The same tendencies were observed with substantial concentrations of Fe. The addition of NPs to the soil samples positively affected the plants' Cu\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    uptake. The effects of NPs and the additions of Cu\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Fe\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    on the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) in the soil system were very completed and osculated from one treatment to another. The same tendencies were observed with the total concentration of NPK in plants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09423-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T10:03:02Z","timestamp":1649239382000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Green synthesis of ZnO, MgO and SiO2 nanoparticles and its effect on irrigation water, soil properties, and Origanum majorana productivity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Doaa","family":"Eissa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rehab H.","family":"Hegab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abou-Shady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousra H.","family":"Kotp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"9423_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.01.018","volume":"214","author":"J Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh, J. et al. The potential of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles as nutrient source for plant growth. J. Clean. Prod. 214, 1061\u20131070 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"9423_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108569","volume":"177","author":"J Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh, J., Kumar, V., Kim, K. H. & Rawat, M. Biogenic synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using plant extract and its prodigious potential for photocatalytic degradation of dyes. Environ. Res. 177, 108569 (2019).","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"9423_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/302429","volume":"2014","author":"P Malik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Malik, P., Shankar, R., Malik, V., Sharma, N., & Mukherjee, T. K. Green chemistry based benign routes for nanoparticle synthesis. J. Nanoparticles, 2014, 14 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Nanoparticles"},{"key":"9423_CR4","first-page":"108569","volume":"177","author":"D Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, D., Ma, X. L., Gu, Y., Huang, H., & Zhang, G. W. Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and their potential applications to treat cancer. Front. Chem. 799, 1\u201318 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"9423_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-018-0408-4","volume":"16","author":"J Singh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Singh, J. et al. \u2018Green\u2019synthesis of metals and their oxide nanoparticles: Applications for environmental remediation. J. Nanobiotechnol. 16, 1\u201324 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"9423_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-020-01074-x","volume":"19","author":"S Jadoun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jadoun, S., Arif, R., Jangid, N. K. & Meena, R. K. Green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts: A review. Environ. Chem. Lett. 19(1), 355\u2013374 (2021).","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"9423_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2021.04.188","volume":"47","author":"J Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh, J. et al. Fabrication and characterization of barium based bioactive glasses in terms of physical, structural, mechanical and radiation shielding properties. Ceram. Int. 47, 21730\u201321743 (2021).","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"9423_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123385","volume":"401","author":"A Gomez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gomez, A. et al. Effects of nano-enabled agricultural strategies on food quality: Current knowledge and future research needs. J. Hazard. Mater. 401, 123385 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"9423_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2018.01.054","volume":"6","author":"J Singh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Singh, J., Mehta, A., Rawat, M. & Basu, S. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using sun dried tulsi leaves and its catalytic application for 4-nitrophenol reduction. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 6, 1468\u20131474 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"9423_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2019.09.008","volume":"81","author":"K Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh, K. et al. In situ green synthesis of Au\/Ag nanostructures on a metal-organic framework surface for photocatalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 81, 196\u2013205 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"9423_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-010-0193-y","volume":"13","author":"G Singhal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Singhal, G., Bhavesh, R., Kasariya, K., Sharma, A. R. & Singh, R. P. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) leaf extract and screening its antimicrobial activity. J. Nanopart. Res. 13, 2981\u20132988 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"9423_CR12","first-page":"30","volume":"2","author":"G Alagumuthu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alagumuthu, G. & Kirubha, R. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Cissus quadrangularis plant extract and their antibacterial activity. Int. J. Nanomater. Biostruct. 2, 30\u201333 (2012).","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomater. Biostruct."},{"key":"9423_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137604","volume":"720","author":"J Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh, J. et al. Highly fluorescent carbon dots derived from Mangifera indica leaves for selective detection of metal ions. Sci. Total Environ. 720, 137604 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"9423_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.01.104","volume":"514","author":"R Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, R. & Lal, R. Potentials of engineered nanoparticles as fertilizers for increasing agronomic productions. Sci. Total Environ. 514, 131\u2013139 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"9423_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0902","DOI":"10.5424\/sjar\/2016141-8205","volume":"14","author":"HM Abdel-Aziz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdel-Aziz, H. M., Hasaneen, M. N. & Omer, A. M. Nano chitosan-NPK fertilizer enhances the growth and productivity of wheat plants grown in sandy soil. Span. J. Agric. Res. 14, e0902 (2016).","journal-title":"Span. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"9423_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1039\/C9EN00265K","volume":"6","author":"IO Adisa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adisa, I. O. et al. Recent advances in nano-enabled fertilizers and pesticides: A critical review of mechanisms of action. Environ. Sci. Nano 6, 2002\u20132030 (2019).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Nano"},{"key":"9423_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-016-0600-4","volume":"15","author":"H Chhipa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chhipa, H. Nanofertilizers and nanopesticides for agriculture. Environ. Chem. Lett. 15, 15\u201322 (2017).","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"9423_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nhres.2021.10.004","volume":"1","author":"A Abou-Shady","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abou-Shady, A., & El-Araby, H. Electro-agric, a novel environmental engineering perspective to overcome the global water crisis via marginal water reuse. Nat. Hazards Res. 1, 202\u2013226 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards Res."},{"key":"9423_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2020.101413","volume":"37","author":"D Faria","year":"2020","unstructured":"Faria, D. et al. Sewage treatment using Aqueous Phase Reforming for reuse purpose. J. Water Process Eng. 37, 101413 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"key":"9423_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2019.03.017","volume":"217","author":"S Ricart","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ricart, S. & Rico, A. M. Assessing technical and social driving factors of water reuse in agriculture: A review on risks, regulation and the yuck factor. Agric. Water Manag. 217, 426\u2013439 (2019).","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"9423_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2018.09.001","volume":"140","author":"CA L\u00f3pez-Morales","year":"2019","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Morales, C. A. & Rodr\u00edguez-Tapia, L. On the economic analysis of wastewater treatment and reuse for designing strategies for water sustainability: Lessons from the Mexico Valley Basin. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 140, 1\u201312 (2019).","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"9423_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inglese, P., & Sortino, G. Citrus history, taxonomy, breeding, and fruit quality. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science, (2019).","DOI":"10.1093\/acrefore\/9780199389414.013.221"},{"key":"9423_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.09.022","volume":"48","author":"R Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guimar\u00e3es, R. et al. Targeting excessive free radicals with peels and juices of citrus fruits: Grapefruit, lemon, lime and orange. Food Chem. Toxicol. 48, 99\u2013106 (2010).","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"9423_CR24","first-page":"103","volume":"3","author":"DM Hama","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hama, D. M. & Mahmood, P. H. Characterization of antioxidant property and chemical composition of lemon (Citrus lemon L.) peel extracts. J. Raparin Univ. 3, 103 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Raparin Univ."},{"key":"9423_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.04.083","volume":"323","author":"A Abou-Shady","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abou-Shady, A. Recycling of polluted wastewater for agriculture purpose using electrodialysis: Perspective for large scale application. Chem. Eng. J. 323, 1\u201318 (2017).","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"9423_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2016.01.036","volume":"190","author":"A Abou-Shady","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abou-Shady, A. Reclaiming salt-affected soils using electro-remediation technology: PCPSS evaluation. Electrochim. Acta 190, 511\u2013520 (2016).","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"9423_CR27","volume-title":"Chemical Analysis of Plants and Soils","author":"A Cottenie","year":"1982","unstructured":"Cottenie, A., Verloo, M., Kiekens, L., Velghe, G. & Camerlynck, R. Chemical Analysis of Plants and Soils (Lab. Agroch. State Univ., 1982)."},{"key":"9423_CR28","first-page":"127","volume":"3","author":"WC Dahnke","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dahnke, W. C. & Johnson, G. V. Testing soils for available nitrogen. Soil Test. Plant Anal. 3, 127\u2013139 (1990).","journal-title":"Soil Test. Plant Anal."},{"key":"9423_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1080\/00103628509367607","volume":"16","author":"PN Soltanpour","year":"1985","unstructured":"Soltanpour, P. N. Use of AB-DTPA soil test to evaluate element availability and toxicity. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 16, 323\u2013338 (1985).","journal-title":"Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal."},{"key":"9423_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-9156-9","volume-title":"A Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Origanum (Labiatae)","author":"JH Ietswaart","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ietswaart, J. H. & Ietswaart, J. H. A Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Origanum (Labiatae) Vol. 4, 158 (Leiden University Press, 1980)."},{"key":"9423_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.3390\/su11061753","volume":"11","author":"A Turek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Turek, A., Wieczorek, K. & Wolf, W. M. Digestion procedure and determination of heavy metals in sewage sludge\u2014An analytical problem. Sustainability 11, 1753 (2019).","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"9423_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1080\/01496395.2016.1264425","volume":"52","author":"YH Kotp","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kotp, Y. H. Controlled synthesis and sorption properties of magnesium silicate nanoflower prepared by a surfactant-mediated method. Sep. Sci. Technol. 52, 657\u2013670 (2017).","journal-title":"Sep. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"9423_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/02726351.2017.1362607","volume":"37","author":"IM Ali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ali, I. M., Nassar, M. Y., Kotp, Y. H. & Khalil, M. Cylindrical-design, dehydration, and sorption properties of easily synthesized magnesium phosphosilicatenanopowder. Part. Sci. Technol. 37, 207\u2013219 (2019).","journal-title":"Part. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"9423_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1007\/s10904-017-0568-y","volume":"27","author":"V Jaiswal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jaiswal, V. et al. UV radiation protection by thermal plasma synthesized zinc oxide nanosheets. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym Mater. 27, 1211\u20131219 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym Mater."},{"key":"9423_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mssp.2014.12.023","volume":"31","author":"D Suresh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Suresh, D., Nethravathi, P. C., Rajanaika, H., Nagabhushana, H. & Sharma, S. C. Green synthesis of multifunctional zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using Cassia fistula plant extract and their photodegradative, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 31, 446\u2013454 (2015).","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process."},{"key":"9423_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.5004\/dwt.2020.25678","volume":"193","author":"HA Shawky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shawky, H. A., Yaseen, R., Kotp, Y. H. & Eissa, D. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and its effect on TFC RO membrane for groundwater desalination. Desalin. Water Treat. 193, 34\u201347 (2020).","journal-title":"Desalin. Water Treat."},{"key":"9423_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2018.04.003","volume":"29","author":"J Suresh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Suresh, J., Pradheesh, G., Alexramani, V., Sundrarajan, M. & Hong, S. I. Green synthesis and characterization of hexagonal shaped MgO nanoparticles using insulin plant (Costuspictus D. Don) leave extract and its antimicrobial as well as anticancer activity. Adv. Powder Technol. 29, 1685\u20131694 (2018).","journal-title":"Adv. Powder Technol."},{"key":"9423_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"015008","DOI":"10.1088\/2043-6254\/aaa6f1","volume":"9","author":"J Suresh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Suresh, J., Pradheesh, G., Alexramani, V., Sundrarajan, M. & Hong, S. I. Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticle using insulin plant (Costuspictus D. Don) and investigation of its antimicrobial as well as anticancer activities. Adv. Nat. Sci. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 9, 015008 (2018).","journal-title":"Adv. Nat. Sci. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"9423_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6675","DOI":"10.1021\/ic062394m","volume":"46","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zheng, Y. et al. Luminescence and photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanocrystals: correlation between structure and property. Inorg. Chem. 46, 6675\u20136682 (2007).","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"9423_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02267-9","volume":"8","author":"P Mohapatra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mohapatra, P. et al. Calcination does not remove all carbon from colloidal nanocrystal assemblies. Nat. Commun. 8, 1\u20137 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"9423_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128999","volume":"265","author":"YH Kotp","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kotp, Y. H. High-flux TFN nanofiltration membranes incorporated with Camphor-Al2O3 nanoparticles for brackish water desalination. Chemosphere 265, 128999 (2021).","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"9423_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5244","DOI":"10.1007\/s10904-020-01608-4","volume":"30","author":"YH Kotp","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kotp, Y. H. Enhancement of industrial effluents quality by using nanocomposite Mg\/Al LDH ultrafiltration membranes\u201d. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym Mater. 30, 5244\u20135260 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym Mater."},{"key":"9423_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6003","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S35347","volume":"7","author":"A Azam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Azam, A. et al. Antimicrobial activity of metal oxide nanoparticles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria: a comparative study. Int. J. Nanomed. 7, 6003 (2012).","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"9423_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Sakhawy, M., Adel, A. M., Diab, M. A. & Al-Shemy, M. Facile methods for the preparation of micro-and mesoporous amorphous silica from rice husk. Biomass Convers. Biorefinery 1\u201310 (2020).","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-020-01112-2"},{"key":"9423_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.5004\/dwt.2017.20293","volume":"69","author":"AM El-Aassar","year":"2017","unstructured":"El-Aassar, A. M., Abo ElFadl, M. M. S., Ali, M. E. A., Kotp, Y. H. & Shawky, H. A. Effect of manufacture conditions on reverse osmosis desalination performance of polyamide thin film composite membrane and their spiral wound element. Desalin. Water Treat. 69, 65\u201371 (2017).","journal-title":"Desalin. Water Treat."},{"key":"9423_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2008.05.050","volume":"100","author":"G Bayramo\u011flu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bayramo\u011flu, G. & Ar\u0131ca, M. Y. Construction a hybrid biosorbent using Scenedesmusquadricauda and Ca-alginate for biosorption of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II): Kinetics and equilibrium studies. Bioresour. Technol. 100, 186\u2013193 (2009).","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"9423_CR47","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"PK Jain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jain, P. K., Soni, A., Jain, P. & Bhawsar, J. Phytochemical analysis of Menthaspicata plant extract using UV-VIS, FTIR and GC\/MS technique. J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 8, 1\u20136 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"9423_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s40995-016-0076-x","volume":"42","author":"R Dobrucka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dobrucka, R. Synthesis of MgO nanoparticles using Artemisia abrotanumherba extract and their antioxidant and photocatalytic properties. Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. A Sci. 42, 547\u2013555 (2018).","journal-title":"Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. A Sci."},{"key":"9423_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2010.03.030","volume":"16","author":"JT Park","year":"2010","unstructured":"Park, J. T., Seo, J. A., Ahn, S. H., Kim, J. H. & Kang, S. W. Surface modification of silica nanoparticles with hydrophilic polymers. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 16, 517\u2013522 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"9423_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1006\/jcis.1998.5843","volume":"208","author":"CH Yang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yang, C. H. Statistical mechanical study on the Freundlich isotherm equation. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 208, 379\u2013387 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"9423_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(02)00011-5","volume":"47","author":"JQ Jiang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jiang, J. Q., Cooper, C. & Ouki, S. Comparison of modified montmorillonite adsorbents: part I: Preparation, characterization and phenol adsorption. Chemosphere 47, 711\u2013716 (2002).","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"9423_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taha, M. R., Ahmad, K., Aziz, A. A., & Chik, Z. Geoenvironmental aspects of tropical residual soils. In\u00a0Tropical Residual Soils Engineering, 391\u2013420 (CRC Press, 2004).\u200f","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203024621-17"},{"key":"9423_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.11.029","volume":"186","author":"HK Boparai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boparai, H. K., Joseph, M. & O\u2019Carroll, D. M. Kinetics and thermodynamics of cadmium ion removal by adsorption onto nanozerovalent iron particles. J. Hazard. Mater. 186, 458\u2013465 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"9423_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(01)00099-9","volume":"35","author":"HK An","year":"2001","unstructured":"An, H. K., Park, B. Y. & Kim, D. S. Crab shell for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution. Water Res. 35, 3551\u20133556 (2001).","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"9423_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3894(97)00071-X","volume":"60","author":"DB Singh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Singh, D. B., Rupainwar, D. C., Prasad, G. & Jayaprakas, K. C. Studies on the Cd (II) removal from water by adsorption. J. Hazard. Mater. 60, 29\u201340 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"9423_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2015.04.055","volume":"2","author":"R Ara\u00fajo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo, R., Castro, A. C. M. & Fi\u00faza, A. The use of nanoparticles in soil and water remediation processes. Mater. Today Proc. 2, 315\u2013320 (2015).","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proc."},{"key":"9423_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58852-4","volume":"10","author":"D Baraga\u00f1o","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baraga\u00f1o, D., Forj\u00e1n, R., Welte, L. & Gallego, J. L. R. Nanoremediation of As and metals polluted soils by means of graphene oxide nanoparticles. Sci. Rep. 10, 1\u201310 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"9423_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16432","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-6822-y","volume":"23","author":"H Javed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Javed, H., Naeem, A., Rengel, Z. & Dahlawi, S. Timing of foliar Zn application Plays a vital role in minimizing Cd accumulation in wheat. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 23, 16432\u201316439 (2016).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"9423_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.08.036","volume":"242","author":"A Hussain","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hussain, A. et al. Zinc oxide nanoparticles alter the wheat physiological response and reduce the cadmium uptake by plants. Environ. Pollut. 242, 1518\u20131526 (2018).","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"9423_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29287","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-2938-6","volume":"25","author":"H Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, H. et al. Foliar application of Zn can reduce Cd concentrations in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under field conditions. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 25, 29287\u201329294 (2018).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"9423_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11288","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-04554-y","volume":"26","author":"S Ali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ali, S. et al. Combined use of biochar and zinc oxide nanoparticle foliar spray improved the plant growth and decreased the cadmium accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 26, 11288\u201311299 (2019).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"9423_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2012.05.002","volume":"82","author":"VC Pandey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pandey, V. C. Phytoremediation of heavy metals from fly ash pond by Azollacaroliniana. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 82, 8\u201312 (2012).","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"9423_CR63","first-page":"59","volume":"8","author":"RH Hagab","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hagab, R. H., Kotp, Y. H. & Eissa, D. Using nanotechnology for enhancing phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency of peanut bean grown in sandy soils. J. Adv. Pharm. Educ. Res. 8, 59\u201367 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Adv. Pharm. Educ. Res."},{"key":"9423_CR64","first-page":"393","volume":"9","author":"R Hegab","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hegab, R., Abou Batta, W. & El-Shazly, M. Effect of mineral, nano and bio nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen content and productivity of Salvia officinalis L. plant. J. Soil Sci. Agric. Eng. 9, 393\u2013401 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Soil Sci. Agric. Eng."},{"key":"9423_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2013.02.006","volume":"92","author":"B Ali","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ali, B. et al. 5-Aminolevolinic acid mitigates the cadmium-induced changes in Brassica napus as revealed by the biochemical and ultra-structural evaluation of roots. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 92, 271\u2013280 (2013).","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"9423_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2016.08.022","volume":"110","author":"P Venkatachalam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Venkatachalam, P. et al. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) alleviate heavy metal-induced toxicity in Leucaena leucocephala seedlings: A physiochemical analysis. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 110, 59\u201369 (2017).","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"9423_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2015.07.026","volume":"96","author":"DK Tripathi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tripathi, D. K., Singh, V. P., Prasad, S. M., Chauhan, D. K. & Dubey, N. K. Silicon nanoparticles (SiNp) alleviate chromium (VI) phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (L.) seedlings. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 96, 189\u2013198 (2015).","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-09423-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-09423-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-09423-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T20:05:09Z","timestamp":1669320309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-09423-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9423"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-09423-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 April 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"5780"}}