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Here, we investigated the toxicity of <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>-cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and carvacrol after intramuscular injection in mice. Two doses of each PDA\u2014300 and 500\u00a0mg\/kg body weight\u2014and vehicle controls were injected into the muscle of the right hind limb of CD-1 adult mice (n\u2009=\u20098\/treatment). Ten physical\/behavioral parameters were monitored hourly for 2\u00a0h and twice daily for 4\u00a0days post-injection together with postmortem examination of leg muscles and organs. Within the first 2\u00a0days of carvacrol treatment, one male died in each dose level and a third male receiving 500\u00a0mg\/kg was removed from the study. No mortality was seen with any other treatment. Among all 81 parameters examined, significant higher relative liver weights (300 and 500\u00a0mg\/kg eugenol groups; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and relative kidney weights (300\u00a0mg\/kg carvacrol group; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were observed. Taken together, little to mild toxicity was seen for <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>-cinnamaldehyde and eugenol, respectively, while carvacrol exerted more toxicity in males. This study lays the foundation for future extensive work with large sample size, varied treatment durations, and additional treatment levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09705-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T09:06:16Z","timestamp":1649408776000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of intramuscularly injected plant-derived antimicrobials in the mouse model"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyue Ellie","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanokwan","family":"Srirattana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumar","family":"Venkitanarayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edan R.","family":"Tulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuchun Cindy","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"9705_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.4314\/ajtcam.v10i5.2","volume":"10","author":"A Sofowora","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sofowora, A., Ogunbodede, E. & Onayade, A. 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All other authors declare no conflict of interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"5937"}}