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A total of 2,289,347 postmenopausal women over 50\u00a0years of age who participated in both national health screening and cancer screening in 2013 or 2014 were included. Data on female reproductive factors, including age at menarche, age at menopause, parity, history of hormone replacement therapy, and oral contraceptive pill usage, were collected. Patients were followed up until December 2018, and incident cases of RVO and RAO were identified using registered diagnostic codes from claim data. During an average follow-up period of 4.90\u00a0years, 7461 and 1603 patients were newly diagnosed with RVO and RAO, respectively. In the multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model, patients who experienced menopause after 55\u00a0years of age had a lower risk of RVO and RAO development compared to those who had menopause before 45\u00a0years of age, with a hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.83 (0.76\u20130.95) for RVO and 0.80 (0.66\u20120.98) for RAO. 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