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We investigated case-fatality, excess fatality and need for reoperations following operated cSDH in a nationwide setting focusing on patient-related characteristics. Finnish nationwide databases were searched for all admissions with operated cSDH as well as later deaths in adults (\u2265\u200916\u00a0years) during 2004\u20132017. There were 8539 patients with an evacuated cSDH (68% men) with a mean age of 73.0 (\u00b1\u200912.8) years. During the follow-up, 3805 (45%) patients died. In-hospital case-fatality was 0.7% (n\u2009=\u200960) and 30-day case-fatality 4.2% (n\u2009=\u2009358). The 1-year case-fatality was 14.3% (95% CI\u2009=\u200913.4\u201315.2%) among men and 15.3% (95% CI\u2009=\u200914.0\u201316.7%) among women. Comorbidity burden, older age, and alcoholism were significantly associated with fatality. One-year excess fatality rate compared to general Finnish population was 9.1% (95% CI\u2009=\u20098.4\u20139.9) among men and 10.3% (95% CI\u2009=\u20099.1\u201311.4) among women. Highest excess fatality was observed in the oldest age group in both genders. Reoperation was needed in 19.4% (n\u2009=\u20091588) of patients. Older age but not comorbidity burden or other patient-related characteristics were associated with increased risk for reoperation. The overall case-fatality and need for reoperations declined during the study era. Comorbidities should be considered when care and follow-up are planned in patients with cSDH. Our findings underpin the perception that the disease is more dangerous than previously thought and causes mortality in all exposed age groups: even a minor burden of comorbidities can be fatal in the post-operative period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10992-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T06:05:34Z","timestamp":1651212334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Prognosis of patients with operated chronic subdural hematoma"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jussi P.","family":"Posti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teemu M.","family":"Luoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jussi O. 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