{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:05:21Z","timestamp":1792649121625,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the intra- and inter-observer reliability of maxillary digital dental model integration into cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) skeletodental models for orthognathic patients. This retrospective study consisted of CBCT and digital maxillary dentition images of 20 Class III orthognathic patients. After two repeated fusions of digital cast images with reconstructed CBCT images by a digital engineer and an orthodontist respectively, the 3D coordinate values of the canines, first molars, and central incisors were evaluated. The intra- and inter-observer reliability of 3D positions of maxillary teeth were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Intra-observer reliability of x-, y-, and z-coordinate values of maxillary teeth showed significant and excellent agreement in an engineer (0.946\u2009\u2264\u2009ICC\u2009\u2264\u20091.000) and an orthodontist (0.876\u2009\u2264\u2009ICC\u2009\u2264\u20091.000). The inter-observer reliability of the y- and z-coordinates of each tooth was significantly excellent or good, but that of the x-coordinates showed insignificantly poor to moderate agreement. This study showed that the integration of maxillary digital models into CBCT scans was clinically reliable. However, considering the low inter-observer reliability on the x-coordinates of dentition, clinical experience and repeated learning are needed for accurate application of digital skeletodental model in orthognathic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11677-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T05:05:54Z","timestamp":1652677554000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Accuracy of a surface-based fusion method when integrating digital models and the cone beam computed tomography scans with metal artifacts"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Bingshuang","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Hyun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonsoo","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Ah","family":"Kook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nam-Ki","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"11677_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.04.017","volume":"77","author":"G Badiali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Badiali, G. et al. Virtual orthodontic surgical planning to improve the accuracy of the surgery-first approach: A prospective evaluation. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 77, 2104\u20132115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2019.04.017 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"11677_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e433","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004455","volume":"29","author":"G Farronato","year":"2018","unstructured":"Farronato, G. et al. Three-dimensional virtual treatment planning: Presurgical evaluation. J. Craniofac. Surg. 29, e433\u2013e437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004455 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"11677_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(98)80029-2","volume":"26","author":"G Santler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Santler, G., K\u00e4rcher, H. & Ruda, C. Indications and limitations of three-dimensional models in cranio-maxillofacial surgery. J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg. 26, 11\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1010-5182(98)80029-2 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"11677_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.04.018","volume":"140","author":"H Noh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Noh, H., Nabha, W., Cho, J. H. & Hwang, H. S. Registration accuracy in the integration of laser-scanned dental images into maxillofacial cone-beam computed tomography images. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop. 140, 585\u2013591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.04.018 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"11677_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-017-2203-2","volume":"22","author":"FA Rangel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rangel, F. A. et al. Integration of digital dental casts in cone beam computed tomography scans-a clinical validation study. Clin. Oral Investig. 22, 1215\u20131222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-017-2203-2 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"11677_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160455","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20160455","volume":"46","author":"JB Ferreira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ferreira, J. B. et al. Accuracy and reproducibility of dental measurements on tomographic digital models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol. 46, 20160455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/dmfr.20160455 (2017).","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol."},{"key":"11677_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949086","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/949086","volume":"2012","author":"FA Rangel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rangel, F. A., Maal, T. J., Berge, S. J. & Kuijpers-Jagtman, A. M. Integration of digital dental casts in cone-beam computed tomography scans. ISRN Dent. 2012, 949086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5402\/2012\/949086 (2012).","journal-title":"ISRN Dent."},{"key":"11677_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2013.01.026","volume":"42","author":"NJ Nairn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nairn, N. J. et al. Digital replacement of the distorted dentition acquired by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT): A pilot study. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 42, 1488\u20131493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijom.2013.01.026 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"11677_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.02.018","volume":"76","author":"T Almutairi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Almutairi, T. et al. Replacement of the distorted dentition of the cone-beam computed tomography scans for orthognathic surgery planning. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 76, e1\u2013e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2018.02.018 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"issue":"8","key":"11677_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.04.004","volume":"73","author":"WM Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang, W. M., Ho, C. T. & Lo, L. J. Automatic superimposition of palatal fiducial markers for accurate integration of digital dental model and cone beam computed tomography. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 73(8), e1\u2013e10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2015.04.004 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"11677_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.06.029","volume":"149","author":"G Rossini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rossini, G. et al. Diagnostic accuracy and measurement sensitivity of digital models for orthodontic purposes: A systematic review. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop. 149, 161\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.06.029 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"11677_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.06.199","volume":"71","author":"HH Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin, H. H. et al. Artifact-resistant superimposition of digital dental models and cone-beam computed tomography images. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 71, 1933\u20131947. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2013.06.199 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"11677_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.06.018","volume":"143","author":"MG Wiranto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wiranto, M. G. et al. Validity, reliability, and reproducibility of linear measurements on digital models obtained from intraoral and cone-beam computed tomography scans of alginate impressions. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop. 143, 140\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.06.018 (2013).","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"11677_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2010.01503.x","volume":"14","author":"PS Fleming","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fleming, P. S., Marinho, V. & Johal, A. Orthodontic measurements on digital study models compared with plaster models: A systematic review. Orthod. Craniofac. Res. 14, 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2010.01503.x (2011).","journal-title":"Orthod. Craniofac. Res."},{"key":"11677_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjw033","volume":"38","author":"ML Arag\u00f3n","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arag\u00f3n, M. L. et al. Validity and reliability of intraoral scanners compared to conventional gypsum models measurements: A systematic review. Eur. J. Orthod. 38, 429\u2013434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjw033 (2016).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"11677_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-02965-2","volume":"24","author":"C Keul","year":"2020","unstructured":"Keul, C. & G\u00fcth, J. F. Accuracy of full-arch digital impressions: An in vitro and in vivo comparison. Clin. Oral Investig. 24, 735\u2013745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-019-02965-2 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"11677_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-019-0711-y","volume":"19","author":"JW Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim, J. W. et al. The accuracy and stability of the maxillary position after orthognathic surgery using a novel computer-aided surgical simulation system. BMC Oral Health 19, 18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-019-0711-y (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"11677_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.2319\/120117-823.1","volume":"89","author":"RS Conley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Conley, R. S. & Edwards, S. P. Three-dimensional treatment planning for maxillary and mandibular segmental surgery for an adult Class III: Where old meets new. Angle Orthod. 89, 138\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/120117-823.1 (2019).","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"issue":"5","key":"11677_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2011.11.009","volume":"113","author":"MJ Zinser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zinser, M. J., Mischkowski, R. A., Sailer, H. F. & Z\u00f6ller, J. E. Computer-assisted orthognathic surgery: Feasibility study using multiple CAD\/CAM surgical splints. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. 113(5), 673\u2013687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oooo.2011.11.009 (2012).","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol."},{"key":"11677_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.03.025","volume":"130","author":"J Uechi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Uechi, J. et al. A novel method for the 3-dimensional simulation of orthognathic surgery by using a multimodal image-fusion technique. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop. 130, 786\u2013798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.03.025 (2006).","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"11677_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2008.11.006","volume":"38","author":"GR Swennen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Swennen, G. R. et al. A cone-beam CT based technique to augment the 3D virtual skull model with a detailed dental surface. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 38, 48\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijom.2008.11.006 (2009).","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"11677_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181996803","volume":"20","author":"GR Swennen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Swennen, G. R. et al. A cone-beam computed tomography triple scan procedure to obtain a three-dimensional augmented virtual skull model appropriate for orthognathic surgery planning. J. Craniofac. Surg. 20, 297\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181996803 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"11677_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.06.007","volume":"67","author":"GR Swennen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Swennen, G. R., Mollemans, W. & Schutyser, F. Three-dimensional treatment planning of orthognathic surgery in the era of virtual imaging. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 67, 2080\u20132092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2009.06.007 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"11677_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.017","volume":"44","author":"O de Waard","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Waard, O. et al. A novel method for fusion of intra-oral scans and cone-beam computed tomography scans for orthognathic surgery planning. Craniomaxillofac. Surg. 44, 160\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.017 (2016).","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"11677_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/27071199","volume":"33","author":"E Nkenke","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nkenke, E. et al. Fusion of computed tomography data and optical 3D images of the dentition for streak artefact correction in the simulation of orthognathic surgery. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol. 33, 226\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/dmfr\/27071199 (2004).","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol."},{"key":"11677_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2010.03.036","volume":"110","author":"BC Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim, B. C. et al. Integration accuracy of digital dental models and 3-dimensional computerized tomography images by sequential point- and surface-based markerless registration. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. 110, 370\u2013378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tripleo.2010.03.036 (2010).","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"11677_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2021.07.003","author":"JH Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, J. H., An, S. & Hwang, D. M. Reliability of cephalometric landmark identification on three-dimensional computed tomography images. Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjoms.2021.07.003 (2021).","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"11677_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1109\/34.121791","volume":"14","author":"PJ Besl","year":"1992","unstructured":"Besl, P. J. & McKay, N. D. A method for registration for 3-D shapes. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 14, 239\u2013256 (1992).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"11677_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","volume":"41","author":"F Faul","year":"2009","unstructured":"Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A. & Lang, A. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav. Res. Methods 41, 1149\u20131160 (2009).","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"11677_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","volume":"33","author":"JR Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis, J. R. & Koch, G. G. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33, 159\u2013174 (1977).","journal-title":"Biometrics"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-11677-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-11677-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-11677-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T22:21:27Z","timestamp":1669328487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-11677-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["11677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-11677-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 November 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"8034"}}