{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T10:52:27Z","timestamp":1788519147048,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652400000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to evaluate the effects of\n                    <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Megasphaera elsdenii<\/jats:italic>\n                    as direct fed microbials (DFM) in beef cattle finishing diets to alleviate acute ruminal lactic acidosis in vitro. A dual-flow continuous culture system was used. Treatments were a Control, no DFM; YM1,\n                    <jats:italic>S. cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>M. elsdenii<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain 1; YM2,\n                    <jats:italic>S. cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>M. elsdenii<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain 2; and YMM,\n                    <jats:italic>S. cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and half of the doses of\n                    <jats:italic>M. elsdenii<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain 1 and strain 2. Each DFM dose had a concentration of 1\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0CFU\/mL. Four experimental periods lasted 11\u00a0days each. For the non-acidotic days (day 1\u20138), diet contained 50:50 forage to concentrate ratio. For the challenge days (day 9\u201311), diet contained 10:90 forage to concentrate ratio. Acute ruminal acidosis was successfully established. No differences in pH,\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    -,\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    -, or total lactate were observed among treatments. Propionic acid increased in treatments containing DFM. For N metabolism, the YMM treatment decreased protein degradation and microbial protein synthesis. No treatment effects were observed on NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013N concentration; however, efficiency of N utilization by ruminal bacteria was greater than 80% during the challenge period and NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013N concentration was reduced to approximately 2\u00a0mg\/dL as the challenge progressed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11959-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T14:07:44Z","timestamp":1652450864000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Megasphaera elsdenii and Saccharomyces Cerevisiae as direct fed microbials during an in vitro acute ruminal acidosis challenge"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hugo F.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna C.","family":"Agustinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Vinyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takoha","family":"Harden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose A.","family":"Arce-Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efstathios","family":"Sarmikasoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anay D.","family":"Ravelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneesa","family":"Bahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarong","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elis R.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio P.","family":"Faciola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"11959_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.761275x","volume":"76","author":"FN Owens","year":"1998","unstructured":"Owens, F. N., Secrist, D. S., Hill, W. J. & Gill, D. R. Acidosis in cattle: A review. J. Anim. Sci. 76, 275 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E17","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-478","volume":"90","author":"TG Nagaraja","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nagaraja, T. G. & Titgemeyer, E. C. Ruminal acidosis in beef cattle: The current microbiological and nutritional outlook. J. Dairy Sci. 90, E17\u2013E38 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skaa248","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa248","volume":"98","author":"HF Monteiro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Monteiro, H. F. & Faciola, A. P. Ruminal acidosis, bacterial changes, and lipopolysaccharides. J. Anim. Sci. 98, skaa248 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30253-X","volume":"14","author":"TG Nagaraja","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nagaraja, T. G., Galyean, M. L. & Andy Cole, N. Nutrition and disease. Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food Anim. Pract. 14, 257\u2013277 (1998).","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"11959_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas10047","volume":"91","author":"TA McAllister","year":"2011","unstructured":"McAllister, T. A. et al. Review: The use of direct fed microbials to mitigate pathogens and enhance production in cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91, 193\u2013211 (2011).","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1414","volume":"92","author":"M Desnoyers","year":"2009","unstructured":"Desnoyers, M., Giger-Reverdin, S., Bertin, G., Duvaux-Ponter, C. & Sauvant, D. Meta-analysis of the influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on ruminal parameters and milk production of ruminants. J. Dairy Sci. 92, 1620\u20131632 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2003.02024.x","volume":"95","author":"AV Klieve","year":"2003","unstructured":"Klieve, A. V. et al. Establishing populations of Megasphaera elsdenii YE 34 and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens YE 44 in the rumen of cattle fed high grain diets. J. Appl. Microbiol. 95, 621\u2013630 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"11959_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1071\/AR9951555","volume":"46","author":"KG Wiryawan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wiryawan, K. G. & Brooker, J. D. Probiotic control of lactate accumulation in acutely grain-fed sheep. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 46, 1555\u20131568 (1995).","journal-title":"Aust. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"11959_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-643","volume":"90","author":"ML Raeth-Knight","year":"2007","unstructured":"Raeth-Knight, M. L., Linn, J. G. & Jung, H. G. Effect of direct-fed microbials on performance, diet digestibility, and rumen characteristics of holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 90, 1802\u20131809 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.42.4.649-655.1981","volume":"42","author":"GH Counotte","year":"1981","unstructured":"Counotte, G. H., Prins, R. A., Janssen, R. H. & Debie, M. J. Role of Megasphaera elsdenii in the fermentation of dl-[2-C]lactate in the rumen of dairy cattle. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 42, 649\u2013655 (1981).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"11959_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.59.1.255-259.1993","volume":"59","author":"T Hino","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hino, T. & Kuroda, S. Presence of lactate dehydrogenase and lactate racemase in Megasphaera elsdenii grown on glucose or lactate. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 255\u2013259 (1993).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"11959_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.60.6.1827-1831.1994","volume":"60","author":"T Hino","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hino, T., Shimada, K. & Maruyama, T. Substrate preference in a strain of Megasphaera elsdenii, a ruminal bacterium, and its implications in propionate production and growth competition. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60, 1827\u20131831 (1994).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"11959_CR13","unstructured":"Leedle, J. A. Z., Greening, R. C. & Smolenski, W. R. Ruminal bacterium for prevention of acute lactic acidosis. The Upjohn Co, Kalamazoo, MI. US Pat. No. 5,380,525 (1990)."},{"key":"11959_CR14","unstructured":"Horn, C. H., Kistner, A., Greyling, B. J. & Smith, A. H. Megasphaera elsdenii and its uses. MS Biotech Inc, Agricultural Research Council, and Kemira Phosphates Pty Ltd. US Pat. No. 7,550,139 (2009)."},{"key":"11959_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2010.02.002","volume":"157","author":"PH Henning","year":"2010","unstructured":"Henning, P. H., Horn, C. H., Leeuw, K.-J., Meissner, H. H. & Hagg, F. M. Effect of ruminal administration of the lactate-utilizing strain Megasphaera elsdenii (Me) NCIMB 41125 on abrupt or gradual transition from forage to concentrate diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 157, 20\u201329 (2010).","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"11959_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2009.12.011","volume":"157","author":"PH Henning","year":"2010","unstructured":"Henning, P. H., Horn, C. H., Steyn, D. G., Meissner, H. H. & Hagg, F. M. The potential of Megasphaera elsdenii isolates to control ruminal acidosis. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 157, 13\u201319 (2010).","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"11959_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17107","volume":"103","author":"VLN Brandao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brandao, V. L. N., Marcondes, M. I. & Faciola, A. P. Comparison of microbial fermentation data from dual-flow continuous culture system and omasal sampling technique: A meta-analytical approach. J. Dairy Sci. 103(3), 2347\u20132362 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(07)72638-3","volume":"90","author":"GB Penner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Penner, G. B., Beauchemin, K. A. & Mutsvangwa, T. Severity of ruminal acidosis in primiparous holstein cows during the periparturient period. J. Dairy Sci. 90, 365\u2013375 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR19","unstructured":"NASEM. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, 8th Revised Edition. vol. 8th Revised Edition 19014 (National Academies Press, 2016)."},{"key":"11959_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4404","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72487-0","volume":"89","author":"GN Gozho","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gozho, G. N., Krause, D. O. & Plaizier, J. C. Rumen lipopolysaccharide and inflammation during grain adaptation and subacute ruminal acidosis in steers. J. Dairy Sci. 89, 4404\u20134413 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00162","volume":"10","author":"L Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen, L. et al. Megasphaera elsdenii lactate degradation pattern shifts in rumen acidosis models. Front. Microbiol. 10, 162 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"11959_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8078","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9721","volume":"98","author":"PJ Weimer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weimer, P. J., Da Silva Cabral, L. & Cacite, F. Effects of ruminal dosing of Holstein cows with Megasphaera elsdenii on milk fat production, ruminal chemistry, and bacterial strain persistence. J. Dairy Sci. 98, 8078\u20138092 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5902","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3500","volume":"93","author":"PJ Weimer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weimer, P. J., Stevenson, D. M., Mantovani, H. C. & Man, S. L. C. Host specificity of the ruminal bacterial community in the dairy cow following near-total exchange of ruminal contents. J. Dairy Sci. 93, 5902\u20135912 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1597","volume":"2","author":"S Freilich","year":"2011","unstructured":"Freilich, S. et al. Competitive and cooperative metabolic interactions in bacterial communities. Nat. Commun. 2, 589 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"11959_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(97)76075-2","volume":"80","author":"DR Mertens","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mertens, D. R. Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80, 1463\u20131481 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR26","unstructured":"Tedeschi, L. O. & Fox, D. G. The Ruminant Nutrition System: An Applied Model for Predicting Nutrient Requirements and Feed Utilization in Ruminants. (2018)."},{"key":"11959_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(97)76026-0","volume":"80","author":"JE Nocek","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nocek, J. E. Bovine acidosis: Implications on laminitis. J. Dairy Sci. 80, 1005\u20131028 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR28","volume-title":"The Rumen and Its Microbes","author":"RE Hungate","year":"1966","unstructured":"Hungate, R. E. The Rumen and Its Microbes (Elsevier Science, 1966)."},{"key":"11959_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1058830","volume":"292","author":"JB Russell","year":"2001","unstructured":"Russell, J. B. & Rychlik, J. L. Factors that alter rumen microbial ecology. Science 292, 1119\u20131122 (2001).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"11959_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giesecke, D. & Stangassinger, M. Lactic acid metabolism. In Digestive Physiology and Metabolism in Ruminants 523\u2013539 (AVI Publ. Co., 1980).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-8067-2_25"},{"key":"11959_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1985.602560x","volume":"60","author":"DL Harmon","year":"1985","unstructured":"Harmon, D. L., Britton, R. A., Prior, R. L. & Stock, R. A. Net portal absorption of lactate and volatile fatty acids in steers experiencing glucose-induced acidosis or fed a 70% concentrate diet ad libitum. J. Anim. Sci. 60, 560\u2013569 (1985).","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR32","unstructured":"Russell, J. B. Rumen Microbiology and Its Role in Ruminant Nutrition. (USDA, 2002)."},{"key":"11959_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19740073","volume":"32","author":"LD Satter","year":"1974","unstructured":"Satter, L. D. & Slyter, L. L. Effect of ammonia concentration of rumen microbial protein production in vitro. Br. J. Nutr. 32, 199\u2013208 (1974).","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"11959_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas89-025","volume":"69","author":"GB Huntington","year":"1989","unstructured":"Huntington, G. B. Hepatic urea synthesis and site and rate of urea removal from blood of beef steers fed alfalfa hay or a high concentrate diet. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 69, 215\u2013223 (1989).","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E223","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(01)70222-6","volume":"84","author":"H Lapierre","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lapierre, H. & Lobley, G. E. Nitrogen recycling in the ruminant: A review. J. Dairy Sci. 84, E223\u2013E236 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1976.432528x","volume":"43","author":"WH Hoover","year":"1976","unstructured":"Hoover, W. H., Crooker, B. A. & Sniffen, C. J. Effects of differential solid\u2013liquid removal rates on protozoa numbers in continous cultures of rumen contents. J. Anim. Sci. 43, 528\u2013534 (1976).","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143201","volume":"10","author":"P Del Bianco Benedeti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Del Bianco Benedeti, P. et al. Effects of partial replacement of corn with glycerin on ruminal fermentation in a dual-flow continuous culture system. PLoS\u00a0One 10, e0143201 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS\u00a0One"},{"key":"11959_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-9750","volume":"94","author":"LG Silva","year":"2016","unstructured":"Silva, L. G. et al. Effects of flaxseed and chia seed on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and long-chain fatty acid flow in a dual-flow continuous culture system. J. Anim. Sci. 94, 1600\u20131609 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5281","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12301","volume":"100","author":"EM Paula","year":"2017","unstructured":"Paula, E. M. et al. Effects of replacing soybean meal with canola meal differing in rumen-undegradable protein content on ruminal fermentation and gas production kinetics using 2 in vitro systems. J. Dairy Sci. 100, 5281\u20135292 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19740087","volume":"32","author":"RA Weller","year":"1974","unstructured":"Weller, R. A. & Pilgrim, A. F. Passage of protozoa and volatile fatty acids from the rumen of the sheep and from a continuous in vitro fermentation system. Br. J. Nutr. 32, 341\u2013351 (1974).","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"11959_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2661","volume":"93","author":"SJ Krizsan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krizsan, S. J., Ahvenj\u00e4rvi, S., Volden, H. & Broderick, G. A. Estimation of rumen outflow in dairy cows fed grass silage-based diets by use of reticular sampling as an alternative to sampling from the omasal canal. J. Dairy Sci. 93, 1138\u20131147 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9028","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14826","volume":"101","author":"VLN Brandao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brandao, V. L. N. et al. Effects of replacing canola meal with solvent-extracted camelina meal on microbial fermentation in a dual-flow continuous culture system. J. Dairy Sci. 101, 9028\u20139040 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(80)82888-8","volume":"63","author":"GA Broderick","year":"1980","unstructured":"Broderick, G. A. & Kang, J. H. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. J. Dairy Sci. 63, 64\u201375 (1980).","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txz187","volume":"4","author":"HF Monteiro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Monteiro, H. F. et al. In vitro evaluation of Lactobacillus plantarum as direct-fed microbials in high-producing dairy cows diets. Transl. Anim. Sci. 4, 214\u2013228 (2020).","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.30813","volume":"31","author":"RE Muck","year":"1988","unstructured":"Muck, R. E. & Dickerson, J. T. Storage temperature effects on proteolysis in alfalfa silage. Trans. ASAE 31, 1005\u20131009 (1988).","journal-title":"Trans. ASAE"},{"key":"11959_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3462","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00202-10","volume":"76","author":"H Niederholtmeyer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Niederholtmeyer, H., Wolfst\u00e4dter, B. T., Savage, D. F., Silver, P. A. & Way, J. C. Engineering cyanobacteria to synthesize and export hydrophilic products. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76, 3462\u20133466 (2010).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"11959_CR47","unstructured":"AOAC. Association of official analytical chemists. Official Methods of Analysis. 19th ed. (AOAC, 2012)."},{"key":"11959_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0231(19990715)13:13<1237::AID-RCM633>3.0.CO;2-C","volume":"13","author":"RA Werner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Werner, R. A., Bruch, B. A. & Brand, W. A. ConFlo III\u2014An interface for high precision delta(13)C and delta(15)N analysis with an extended dynamic range. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 13, 1237\u20131241 (1999).","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"11959_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.15-012","volume":"98","author":"MB Hall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hall, M. B. et al. Determination of dietary starch in animal feeds and pet food by an enzymatic-colorimetric method: Collaborative study. J. AOAC Int. 98, 397\u2013409 (2015).","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"key":"11959_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19730029","volume":"32","author":"PJ Van Soest","year":"1973","unstructured":"Van Soest, P. J. & McQueen, R. W. The chemistry and estimation of fibre. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 32, 123\u2013130 (1973).","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"11959_CR51","unstructured":"AOAC, (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). Official Methods of Analysis. (AOAC, 1990)."},{"key":"11959_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6111","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4627","volume":"94","author":"FC Cardoso","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cardoso, F. C., Sears, W., LeBlanc, S. J. & Drackley, J. K. Technical note: Comparison of 3 methods for analyzing areas under the curve for glucose and nonesterified fatty acids concentrations following epinephrine challenge in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 94, 6111\u20136115 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.2527\/1996.7461375x","volume":"74","author":"S Calsamiglia","year":"1996","unstructured":"Calsamiglia, S., Stern, M. D. & Firkins, J. L. Comparison of nitrogen-15 and purines as microbial markers in continuous culture. J. Anim. Sci. 74, 1375\u20131381 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"11959_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3377","DOI":"10.2527\/1999.77123377x","volume":"77","author":"A Bach","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bach, A. & Stern, M. D. Effects of different levels of methionine and ruminally undegradable protein on the amino acid profile of effluent from continuous culture fermenters. J. Anim. Sci. 77, 3377\u20133384 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-11959-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-11959-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-11959-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T22:12:18Z","timestamp":1669327938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-11959-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["11959"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-11959-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 September 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"7978"}}