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In human, DDX3Y protein is expressed only in premeiotic male germ cells. In primates, <jats:italic>DDX3Y<\/jats:italic> evolved a second promoter producing novel testis-specific transcripts. Here, we show primate species-specific use of <jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>lternative <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>oly<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>denylation (APA) sites for these testis-specific <jats:italic>DDX3Y<\/jats:italic> transcript variants. They have evolved subsequently in the 3\u00b4UTRs of the primates\u00b4 <jats:italic>DDX3Y<\/jats:italic> transcripts. Whereas a distal APA site (PAS4) is still used for polyadenylation of most <jats:italic>DDX3Y<\/jats:italic> testis transcripts in <jats:italic>Callithrix jacchus<\/jats:italic>; two proximal APAs (PAS1; PAS2) are used predominantly in <jats:italic>Macaca mulatta<\/jats:italic>, in <jats:italic>Pan trogloydates<\/jats:italic> and in human. This shift corresponds with a significant increase of DDX3Y protein expression in the macaque testis tissue. In chimpanzee and human, shift to predominant use of the most proximal APA site (PAS1) is associated with translation of these <jats:italic>DDX3Y<\/jats:italic> transcripts in only premeiotic male germ cells. We therefore assume evolution of a positive selection process for functional <jats:italic>DDX3Y<\/jats:italic> testis transcripts in these primates which increase their stability and translation efficiency to promote its cell cycle balancing function in the human male germ line.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12474-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T14:20:35Z","timestamp":1653661235000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["AZFa Y gene, DDX3Y, evolved novel testis transcript variants in primates with proximal 3\u00b4UTR polyadenylation for germ cell specific translation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"P. 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