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In this case\u2013control study conducted in Iran, we aimed to investigate whether a higher dietary phytochemical index (DPI) is associated with decreased odds of having KOA. A total of 124 cases aged 20\u201360\u00a0years diagnosed with bilateral primary KOA according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria and 124 controls frequency-matched on age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were included in the study. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect information on dietary intakes. To calculate DPI scores, the dietary energy derived from foods rich in phytochemicals (kcal) was divided by the participant\u2019s total daily energy intake (kcal). Patients with KOA had lower intakes of dietary fiber (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004), vitamin A (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007), vitamin C (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), and folate (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.021) compared to controls. In the crude model, individuals in the third tertile of DPI had 65% lower odds of having KOA compared to those in the first tertile (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.67, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>-trend\u2009=\u20090.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, including age, sex, physical activity, smoking, and supplement use, this inverse association remained significant (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.73, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>-trend\u2009=\u20090.004). After further adjustment for BMI, this inverse association between DPI and odds of KOA also remained significant (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.69, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>-trend\u2009=\u20090.003). These findings suggest that adherence to a phytochemical-rich diet, as indicated by the increasing DPI score, is associated with lower odds of KOA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13019-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T12:03:05Z","timestamp":1653998585000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Higher dietary phytochemical index is associated with lower odds of knee osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Farshad","family":"Amirkhizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Mojtaba","family":"Ghoreishy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soudabeh","family":"Hamedi-Shahraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somayyeh","family":"Asghari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"13019_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-13-60","volume":"13","author":"KD Allen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Allen, K. 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