{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T10:10:52Z","timestamp":1760609452461,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655078400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016132","name":"Gouvernement Wallon","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Convention n\u00b0 2010075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Convention n\u00b0 2010075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006673","name":"Leon Fredericq Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006673","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>While patient groups at risk for severe COVID-19 infections are now well identified, the risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) transmission and immunization are still poorly understood. In a cohort of staff members of a Belgian tertiary academic hospital tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies during the early phase of the pandemic and followed-up after 6\u00a0weeks, 3\u00a0months and 10\u00a0months, we collected personal, occupational and medical data, as well as symptoms based on which we constructed a COVID-19 score. Seroprevalence was higher among participants in contact with patients or with COVID-19 confirmed subjects or, to a lesser extent, among those handling respiratory specimens, as well as among participants reporting an immunodeficiency or a previous or active hematological malignancy, and correlated with several symptoms. In multivariate analysis, variables associated with seropositivity were: contact with COVID-19 patients, immunodeficiency, previous or active hematological malignancy, anosmia, cough, nasal symptoms, myalgia, and fever. At 10\u00a0months, participants in contact with patients and those with higher initial COVID-19 scores were more likely to have sustained antibodies, whereas those with solid tumors or taking chronic medications were at higher risk to become seronegative.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13450-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T18:03:47Z","timestamp":1655143427000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Predictive factors for the presence and long-term persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare and university workers"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Gr\u00e9goire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Huynen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Gofflot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Seidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Vranken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Delcour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Moutschen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Pierre","family":"Hayette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Kolh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierrette","family":"Melin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Beguin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"13450_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09215-8","volume":"12","author":"P Huynen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huynen, P. et al. Long-term longitudinal evaluation of the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare and university workers. Sci. Rep. 12, 5156 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"13450_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.05.036","volume":"27","author":"\u0130 Kay\u0131","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kay\u0131, \u0130 et al. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among health care workers before the era of vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 27, 1242\u20131249 (2021).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"13450_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0965-6","volume":"26","author":"QX Long","year":"2020","unstructured":"Long, Q. X. et al. Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. Nat. Med. 26, 1200\u20131204 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"13450_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001526","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01526-2020","volume":"56","author":"HQ Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu, H. Q. et al. Distinct features of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA response in COVID-19 patients. Eur. Respir. J. 56, 2001526 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"13450_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-021-01051-2","volume":"7","author":"Y Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, Y. et al. Longitudinal analysis of antibody dynamics in COVID-19 convalescents reveals neutralizing responses up to 16 months after infection. Nat. Microbiol. 7, 423\u2013433 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"13450_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.015","volume":"181","author":"A Grifoni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grifoni, A. et al. Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals. Cell 181, 1489\u20131501 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"13450_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03207-w","volume":"591","author":"C Gaebler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gaebler, C. et al. Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Nature 591, 639\u2013644 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"13450_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabf4063","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf4063","volume":"371","author":"JM Dan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dan, J. M. et al. Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection. Science 371, eabf4063 (2021).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"13450_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-021-00275-9","volume":"2","author":"A Fendler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fendler, A. et al. Functional antibody and T cell immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection, including by variants of concern, in patients with cancer: the CAPTURE study. Nat. Cancer 2, 1321\u20131337 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"13450_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00534-z","volume":"11","author":"F Malard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Malard, F. et al. Weak immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in patients with hematologic malignancies. Blood Cancer J. 11, 142 (2021).","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"13450_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021005094","volume":"5","author":"C Perry","year":"2021","unstructured":"Perry, C. et al. Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood Adv. 5, 3053\u20133061 (2021).","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"13450_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2021.06.002","volume":"39","author":"A Thakkar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thakkar, A. et al. Seroconversion rates following COVID-19 vaccination among patients with cancer. Cancer Cell 39, 1081\u20131090 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"13450_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01190-3","volume":"14","author":"L Canti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Canti, L. et al. Predictors of neutralizing antibody response to BNT162b2 vaccination in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. J. Hematol. Oncol. 14, 174 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"13450_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e737","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(20)30251-9","volume":"7","author":"F Passamonti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Passamonti, F. et al. Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with haematological malignancies in Italy: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study. Lancet Haematol. 7, e737-745 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"13450_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3538","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.01307","volume":"38","author":"J Jee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jee, J. et al. Chemotherapy and COVID-19 outcomes in patients with cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 38, 3538\u20133546 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"13450_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020008824","volume":"136","author":"A Vijenthira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vijenthira, A. et al. Outcomes of patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 3377 patients. Blood 136, 2881\u20132892 (2020).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"13450_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e121","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17260","volume":"192","author":"A Xhaard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xhaard, A. et al. Risk factors for a severe form of COVID-19 after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Francophone de Greffe de Moelle et de Th\u00e9rapie cellulaire (SFGM-TC) multicentre cohort study. Br. J. Haematol. 192, e121-124 (2021).","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"13450_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyab110","volume":"50","author":"F Carrat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carrat, F. et al. Antibody status and cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among adults in three regions of France following the first lockdown and associated risk factors: a multicohort study. Int. J. Epidemiol. 50, 1458\u20131472 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"13450_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000688","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00688-2020","volume":"55","author":"JM Leung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leung, J. M. et al. ACE-2 expression in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients: implications for COVID-19. Eur. Respir. J. 55, 2000688 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"13450_CR20","first-page":"303","volume":"10","author":"P Ferrara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ferrara, P. et al. The effect of smoking on humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines: a systematic review of epidemiological studies. Vacc. (Basel) 10, 303 (2022).","journal-title":"Vacc. (Basel)"},{"key":"13450_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2021-217080","volume":"77","author":"AK Clift","year":"2022","unstructured":"Clift, A. K. et al. Smoking and COVID-19 outcomes: an observational and Mendelian randomisation study using the UK Biobank cohort. Thorax 77, 65\u201373 (2022).","journal-title":"Thorax"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-13450-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-13450-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-13450-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T05:31:24Z","timestamp":1669354284000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-13450-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["13450"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-13450-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2045-2322"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 February 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 May 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 June 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Pascale Huynen is opinion leader for the DiaSorin company (Saluggia, Italy). The other authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"9790"}}