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Other naturally-acquired human infections with malaria parasites from macaques in Southeast Asia are <jats:italic>P. cynomolgi, P. inui<\/jats:italic>-like, <jats:italic>P. coatneyi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. simiovale<\/jats:italic>. In Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, <jats:italic>M. fascicularis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M. nemestrina<\/jats:italic> from only the Kapit Division have been examined previously for malaria parasites. In order to determine the distribution of <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic> and other zoonotic malaria parasites, 73 macaque blood samples derived from 7 other administrative divisions in Sarawak were studied. Of 45 blood samples from <jats:italic>M. fascicularis<\/jats:italic> and 28 from <jats:italic>M. nemestrina<\/jats:italic> tested by nested PCR assays, 23 (51.1%) <jats:italic>M. fascicularis<\/jats:italic> and 15 (53.6%) <jats:italic>M. nemestrina<\/jats:italic> samples were positive for <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> DNA. Thirty-two of these macaques from 7 divisions sampled, harboured either single (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912), double (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099), triple (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097) or quadruple (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094) infections of <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P. inui<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P. cynomolgi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. coatneyi<\/jats:italic>, while the infecting species of <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> could not be identified for 6 samples. <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic> was detected in 15.5% (7\/45) <jats:italic>M. fascicularis<\/jats:italic> and in 7.1% (2\/28) <jats:italic>M. nemestrina<\/jats:italic> sampled<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> Despite the small number of samples analysed from each administrative division, the current study indicates that macaques infected with the zoonotic malaria parasites <jats:italic>P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P. inui<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. coatneyi<\/jats:italic> are widely distributed throughout Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Travelers to forested areas in Sarawak should be made aware of the potential risk of acquiring zoonotic malaria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14560-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T17:08:26Z","timestamp":1655831306000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Macaca fascicularis and Macaca nemestrina infected with zoonotic malaria parasites are widely distributed in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Thamayanthi","family":"Nada-Raja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khamisah A.","family":"Kadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul C. 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