{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:04:46Z","timestamp":1788793486586,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656115200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"BAS-USDA Program in Agriculture and Life Sciences","award":["BAS-USDA PALS LS-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BAS-USDA PALS LS-18"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among foodborne bacteria is a well-known public health problem. A sink survey was conducted to determine the AMR pattern of common foodborne bacteria in cloacal swab of broiler chickens and sewage samples from five wholesale chicken markets of Dhaka city in Bangladesh. Bacteria were identified by culture-based and molecular methods, and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Resistance genes were identified by multiplex PCR and sequencing. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 93.2% of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, 100% of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp., and 97.2% of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> from cloacal swab samples. For sewage samples, 80% of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, and 100% of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> showed MDR. Noteworthy, 8.3% of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> from cloacal swab samples showed possible extensively drug resistance. Antimicrobial resistance genes (beta-lactamase\u2014<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>TEM, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>SHV; quinolone resistance gene\u2014<jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>S) were detected in a number of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> isolates from cloacal swab and sewage samples. The methicillin resistance gene (<jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>A) was detected in 47.2% and 25% <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> from cloacal swab and sewage samples, respectively. The findings envisage the potential public health risk and environmental health hazard through spillover of common foodborne MDR bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14883-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T10:30:39Z","timestamp":1656153039000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Sink survey to investigate multidrug resistance pattern of common foodborne bacteria from wholesale chicken markets in Dhaka city of Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mst. Sonia","family":"Parvin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Yamin","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit Kumar","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudipta","family":"Talukder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4213-2784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Taohidul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"14883_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7960268","volume":"2019","author":"B Saud","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saud, B. et al. Multidrug-resistant bacteria from raw meat of buffalo and chicken, Nepal. Vet. Med. Int. 2019, 1\u20137 (2019).","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Int."},{"key":"14883_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3722-x","volume":"11","author":"K Bantawa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bantawa, K., Rai, K., Subba Limbu, D. & Khanal, H. Food-borne bacterial pathogens in marketed raw meat of Dharan, eastern Nepal. BMC Res. Notes 11, 618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13104-018-3722-x (2018).","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"14883_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.3934\/microbiol.2017.3.529","volume":"3","author":"T Bintsis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bintsis, T. Foodborne pathogens. AIMS Microbiol. 3, 529\u2013563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3934\/microbiol.2017.3.529 (2017).","journal-title":"AIMS Microbiol."},{"key":"14883_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3329\/sjm.v6i1.33509","volume":"6","author":"R Noor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Noor, R. & Feroz, F. Food safety in Bangladesh: A microbiological perspective. Stamford J. Microbiol. 6, 1\u20136 (2016).","journal-title":"Stamford J. Microbiol."},{"key":"14883_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4798-7","volume":"12","author":"K Bantawa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bantawa, K., Sah, S. N., Subba Limbu, D., Subba, P. & Ghimire, A. Antibiotic resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Vibrio isolated from chicken, pork, buffalo and goat meat in eastern Nepal. BMC Res. Notes 12, 766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13104-019-4798-7 (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"14883_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00016-10","volume":"74","author":"J Davies","year":"2010","unstructured":"Davies, J. & Davies, D. Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 74, 417\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MMBR.00016-10 (2010).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"14883_CR7","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance\u2014A Global Threat, Ch. 3","author":"C Agyare","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agyare, C., Boamah, V. E., Zumbi, C. N. & Osei, F. B. Antimicrobial Resistance\u2014A Global Threat, Ch. 3 33\u201351 (IntechOpen, 2018)."},{"key":"14883_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1867-z","volume":"15","author":"R Elkenany","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elkenany, R., Elsayed, M. M., Zakaria, A. I., El-sayed, S.A.-E.-S. & Rizk, M. A. Antimicrobial resistance profiles and virulence genotyping of Salmonella enterica serovars recovered from broiler chickens and chicken carcasses in Egypt. BMC Vet. Res. 15, 124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-019-1867-z (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"14883_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1812.120513","volume":"18","author":"B Hasan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hasan, B. et al. Antimicrobial drug resistant Escherichia coli in wild birds and free-range poultry, Bangladesh. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 18, 2055\u20132058 (2012).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"14883_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00228","volume":"8","author":"ZH Mahmud","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mahmud, Z. H. et al. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in drinking water samples from a forcibly displaced, densely populated community setting in Bangladesh. Front. Public Health 8, 228 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"14883_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01076-18","volume":"62","author":"K Bush","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bush, K. Past and present perspectives on \u03b2-lactamases. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 62, e01076-01018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.01076-18 (2018).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"14883_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.2.563-567.2003","volume":"47","author":"L-H Su","year":"2003","unstructured":"Su, L.-H. et al. In vivo acquisition of ceftriaxone resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype anatum. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47, 563\u2013567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.47.2.563-567.2003 (2003).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"14883_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2010.04.005","volume":"300","author":"Y Pfeifer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pfeifer, Y., Cullik, A. & Witte, W. Resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems in Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 300, 371\u2013379 (2010).","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"14883_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.5.2137-2139.2005","volume":"49","author":"MJ Schwaber","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schwaber, M. J., Navon-Venezia, S., Schwartz, D. & Carmeli, Y. High levels of antimicrobial coresistance among extended-spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49, 2137\u20132139 (2005).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"14883_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.33899\/ijvs.2019.125757.1145","volume":"34","author":"MS Assafi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Assafi, M. S., Hado, H. A. & Abdulrahman, I. S. Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in broiler and broilers farm workers in Duhok, Iraq by using conventional and PCR techniques. Iraqi J. Vet. Sci. 34, 15\u201322 (2020).","journal-title":"Iraqi J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"14883_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810000075","volume":"138","author":"MN Mulders","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mulders, M. N. et al. Prevalence of livestock-associated MRSA in broiler flocks and risk factors for slaughterhouse personnel in The Netherlands. Epidemiol. Infect. 138, 743\u2013755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268810000075 (2010).","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"14883_CR17","first-page":"318","volume":"27","author":"E Tacconelli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tacconelli, E., Magrini, N., Kahlmeter, G. & Singh, N. Global priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to guide research, discovery, and development of new antibiotics. WHO 27, 318\u2013327 (2017).","journal-title":"WHO"},{"key":"14883_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8030118","volume":"8","author":"M Al Azad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al Azad, M. et al. Susceptibility and multidrug resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from cloacal swabs of live broiler chickens in Bangladesh. Pathogens 8, 118 (2019).","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"14883_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.029","volume":"138","author":"D Costa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Costa, D. et al. Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates in faecal samples of broilers. Vet. Microbiol. 138, 339\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.029 (2009).","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"14883_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-018-0266-5","volume":"10","author":"AA Moawad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moawad, A. A. et al. Antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae from healthy broilers in Egypt: Emergence of colistin-resistant and extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. Gut Pathog. 10, 39 (2018).","journal-title":"Gut Pathog."},{"key":"14883_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtb.2016.12.001","volume":"7","author":"Y Ali","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ali, Y. et al. Characterization, prevalence and antibiogram study of Staphylococcus aureus in poultry. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 7, 253\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apjtb.2016.12.001 (2017).","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"14883_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104356","volume":"9","author":"L Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li, L. et al. Prevalence and characteristics of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase and plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from chickens in Anhui Province, China. PLoS\u00a0One 9, e104356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0104356 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS\u00a0One"},{"key":"14883_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.2019.f344","volume":"6","author":"M Sarker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sarker, M. et al. Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from broilers sold at live bird markets in Chattogram, Bangladesh. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res. 6, 272\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/javar.2019.f344 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res."},{"key":"14883_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061090","volume":"8","author":"PK Talukdar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Talukdar, P. K. et al. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors and genetic diversity of Escherichia coli isolates from household water supply in Dhaka, Bangladesh. PLoS\u00a0One 8, e61090 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS\u00a0One"},{"key":"14883_CR25","first-page":"21","volume":"3","author":"M Parvez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parvez, M., Khasru, A., Mou, T. J. & Ahmed, F. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteria in aquatic environmental sources of Bangladesh. Int. Biol. Biomed. J. 3, 21\u201324 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. Biol. Biomed. J."},{"key":"14883_CR26","first-page":"17","volume":"11","author":"S Mahmud","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mahmud, S., Nazir, K. N. H. & Rahman, M. T. Prevalence and molecular detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant genes (qnrA and qnrS) in Escherichia coli isolated from healthy broiler chickens. Vet. World 11, 17\u201320 (2018).","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"14883_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2017.04.009","volume":"142","author":"MA Sayeed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sayeed, M. A. et al. Assessment of hygienic conditions of live bird markets on avian influenza in Chittagong metro, Bangladesh. Prev. Vet. Med. 142, 7\u201315 (2017).","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"14883_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155157","volume":"320","author":"G Dantas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dantas, G., Sommer, M. O., Oluwasegun, R. D. & Church, G. M. Bacteria subsisting on antibiotics. Science 320, 100\u2013103 (2008).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"14883_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3329\/bjvm.v14i1.28809","volume":"14","author":"M Mamun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mamun, M. et al. Prevalence and characterization of shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli in broiler birds in Mymensingh. Bangl. J. Vet. Med. 14, 5\u20138 (2016).","journal-title":"Bangl. J. Vet. Med."},{"key":"14883_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3329\/mh.v1i1.13711","volume":"1","author":"S Naurin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Naurin, S., Islam, M. A. & Khatun, M. M. Prevalence of Salmonella in apparently healthy chickens in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Microbes Health 1, 30\u201333 (2012).","journal-title":"Microbes Health"},{"key":"14883_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR2019.9156","volume":"13","author":"A Nahar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nahar, A. et al. Detection of tetracycline resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp. in sewage, river, pond and swimming pool in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 13, 382\u2013387 (2019).","journal-title":"Afr. J. Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"14883_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.64.153","volume":"64","author":"M Hiroi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hiroi, M. et al. A survey of \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in farm animals and raw retail meat in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. 64, 153\u2013155 (2011).","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"14883_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01285-07","volume":"52","author":"A Smet","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smet, A. et al. Diversity of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases and class C \u03b2-lactamases among cloacal Escherichia coli isolates in Belgian broiler farms. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52, 1238\u20131243 (2008).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"14883_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1590-1","volume":"14","author":"K Shang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shang, K., Wei, B. & Kang, M. Distribution and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in broiler farms with or without enrofloxacin use. BMC Vet. Res. 14, 257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-018-1590-1 (2018).","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"14883_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3923\/mj.2015.28.35","volume":"5","author":"M Bhuvaneswari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bhuvaneswari, M., Shanmughapriya, S. & Natarajaseenivasan, K. Prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enteritidis in poultry and backyard chicken from Tiruchirappalli, India. Microbiol. J. 5, 28\u201335 (2015).","journal-title":"Microbiol. J."},{"key":"14883_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2019.810.092","volume":"8","author":"K Bhedi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bhedi, K., Sindhi, S., Kathiriya, J., Mathapati, B. & Bariya, A. Isolation and antibiotics susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from poultry meat and associated environment in and around Junagadh District, Gujarat, India. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 8, 800\u2013807 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"14883_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1430\/1\/012021","volume":"1430","author":"NSP Hermana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hermana, N. S. P. et al. Antibiotic resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp. and Klebsiella spp. isolated form chicken farm in Bogor, Sukabumi, and Cianjur, West Java. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1430, 012021 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"14883_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.01.030","volume":"171","author":"A de Jong","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Jong, A. et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates from healthy pigs and chickens (2008\u20132011). Vet. Microbiol. 171, 298\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.01.030 (2014).","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"14883_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjm.2015.11.034","volume":"47","author":"IH Tekiner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tekiner, I. H. & Ozp\u0131nar, H. Occurrence and characteristics of extended spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Enterobacteriaceae from foods of animal origin. Braz. J. Microbiol. 47, 444\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjm.2015.11.034 (2016).","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"14883_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104164","volume":"143","author":"SS Ali","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ali, S. S. et al. Molecular characterization of virulence and drug resistance genes-producing Escherichia coli isolated from chicken meat: Metal oxide nanoparticles as novel antibacterial agents. Microb. Pathog. 143, 104164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104164 (2020).","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"14883_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v90i0.1738","volume":"90","author":"V Govender","year":"2019","unstructured":"Govender, V., Madoroba, E., Magwedere, K., Fosgate, G. & Kuonza, L. Prevalence and risk factors contributing to antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from poultry meat products in South Africa, 2015\u20132016. J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc. 90, e1\u2013e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/jsava.v90i0.1738 (2019).","journal-title":"J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc."},{"key":"14883_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP292","volume":"125","author":"CH Brower","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brower, C. H. et al. The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in poultry chickens and variation according to farming practices in Punjab, India. Environ. Health Perspect. 125, 077015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/EHP292 (2017).","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"14883_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2010.0605","volume":"8","author":"Y Lu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lu, Y. et al. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella isolates from chicken in China. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 8, 45\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/fpd.2010.0605 (2011).","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"14883_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01049","volume":"8","author":"X Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao, X., Ye, C., Chang, W. & Sun, S. Serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance, and class 1 integrons profiles of Salmonella from animals in slaughterhouses in Shandong Province, China. Front. Microbiol. 8, 1049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01049 (2017).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"14883_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_2097_17","volume":"149","author":"S Shivakumaraswamy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shivakumaraswamy, S. et al. Phenotypic and genotypic study of antimicrobial profile of bacteria isolates from environmental samples. Indian J. Med. Res. 149, 232\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_2097_17 (2019).","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"14883_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4065603","volume":"2016","author":"S Basak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Basak, S., Singh, P. & Rajurkar, M. Multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant bacteria: A study. J. Pathog. 2016, 1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/4065603 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Pathog."},{"key":"14883_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/s0924-8579(00)00145-x","volume":"14","author":"AE van den Bogaard","year":"2000","unstructured":"van den Bogaard, A. E. & Stobberingh, E. E. Epidemiology of resistance to antibiotics links between animals and humans. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 14, 327\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0924-8579(00)00145-x (2000).","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"14883_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-017-0206-9","volume":"9","author":"AA Moawad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moawad, A. A. et al. Occurrence of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli in raw chicken and beef meat in northern Egypt and dissemination of their antibiotic resistance markers. Gut Pathog. 9, 57 (2017).","journal-title":"Gut Pathog."},{"key":"14883_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S113","DOI":"10.1086\/428051","volume":"41","author":"VT Andriole","year":"2005","unstructured":"Andriole, V. T. The quinolones: Past, present, and future. Clin. Infect. Dis. 41, S113\u2013S119 (2005).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"14883_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.14737\/journal.rjvp\/2014\/2.1.13.16","volume":"2","author":"M Ahaduzzaman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ahaduzzaman, M., Hassan, M. M., Alam, M., Islam, S. & Uddin, I. Antimicrobial resistance pattern against Staphylococcus aureus in environmental effluents. Res. J. Vet. Pract. 2, 13\u201316 (2014).","journal-title":"Res. J. Vet. Pract."},{"key":"14883_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2016.65-70","volume":"9","author":"MS Parvej","year":"2016","unstructured":"Parvej, M. S. et al. Prevalence and characterization of multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum and Gallinarum from chicken. Vet. World 9, 65\u201370 (2016).","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"14883_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey514","volume":"98","author":"HY Jeon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jeon, H. Y. et al. Characteristics of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella from retail chicken meat produced by integrated broiler operations. Poult. Sci. 98, 1766\u20131774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3382\/ps\/pey514 (2019).","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"14883_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1975-9","volume":"15","author":"RS Gundran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gundran, R. S. et al. Prevalence and distribution of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM genes in extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing E. coli isolates from broiler farms in the Philippines. BMC Vet. Res. 15, 227\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-019-1975-9 (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"14883_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-011-9953-7","volume":"44","author":"S Singh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Singh, S., Agarwal, R. K., Tiwari, S. C. & Singh, H. Antibiotic resistance pattern among the Salmonella isolated from human, animal and meat in India. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 44, 665\u2013674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-011-9953-7 (2012).","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"14883_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci5020040","volume":"5","author":"J Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez, J., Guerra, B. & Rodicio, M. R. Resistance to carbapenems in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars from humans, animals and food. Vet. Sci. 5, 40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci5020040 (2018).","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"key":"14883_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2015.06.005","volume":"46","author":"B Catry","year":"2015","unstructured":"Catry, B. et al. Use of colistin-containing products within the European Union and European Economic Area (EU\/EEA): Development of resistance in animals and possible impact on human and animal health. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 46, 297\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2015.06.005 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"14883_CR57","unstructured":"WHO. Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine. Report No. 924151552X (2019)."},{"key":"14883_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB2015.14736","volume":"14","author":"A Aditya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aditya, A. Drug resistant Salmonella in broiler chicken sold at local market in Bangladesh and its public health significance. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 14, 2995\u20133000 (2015).","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"14883_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00024","volume":"3","author":"L Poriel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Poriel, L., Cattoir, V. & Nordmann, P. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance; Interactions between human, animal, and environmental ecologies. Front. Microbiol. 3, 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00024 (2012).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"14883_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15020324","volume":"15","author":"T Odoch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Odoch, T. et al. Diversity and antimicrobial resistance genotypes in non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from poultry farms in Uganda. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 15, 324 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"14883_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx488","volume":"73","author":"M Rozwandowicz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rozwandowicz, M. et al. Plasmids carrying antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 73, 1121\u20131137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkx488 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"14883_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822005000200009","volume":"36","author":"VLM Rall","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rall, V. L. M., Rall, R., Aragon, L. C. & Silva, M. G. D. Evaluation of three enrichment broths and five plating media for Salmonella detection in poultry. Braz. J. Microbiol. 36, 147\u2013150 (2005).","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"14883_CR63","first-page":"117","volume":"41","author":"A Dashti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dashti, A., Jadaon, M., Abdulsamad, A. & Dashti, H. Heat treatment of bacteria: A simple method of DNA extraction for molecular techniques. Kuwait Med. J. 41, 117\u2013122 (2009).","journal-title":"Kuwait Med. J."},{"key":"14883_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.4.1242-1247.1996","volume":"62","author":"R-F Wang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wang, R.-F., Cao, W.-W. & Cerniglia, C. E. PCR detection and quantitation of predominant anaerobic bacteria in human and animal fecal samples. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62, 1242\u20131247 (1996).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"14883_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.04.005","volume":"97","author":"TH Chiu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chiu, T. H., Chen, T. R., Hwang, W. Z. & Tsen, H. Y. Sequencing of an internal transcribed spacer region of 16S\u201323S rRNA gene and designing of PCR primers for the detection of Salmonella spp. in food. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 97, 259\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.04.005 (2005).","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"14883_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4947","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.42.11.4947-4955.2004","volume":"42","author":"K Zhang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhang, K. et al. New quadriplex PCR assay for detection of methicillin and mupirocin resistance and simultaneous discrimination of Staphylococcus aureus from coagulase-negative Staphylococci. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42, 4947\u20134955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.42.11.4947-4955.2004 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"14883_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.57.6.1793-1798.1991","volume":"57","author":"IG Wilson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wilson, I. G., Cooper, J. E. & Gilmour, A. Detection of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in dried skimmed milk: Use of the polymerase chain reaction for amplification and detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes entB and entC1 and the thermonuclease gene nuc. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57, 1793\u20131798 (1991).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"14883_CR68","unstructured":"CLSI. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing 1\u2013260 (2018)."},{"key":"14883_CR69","unstructured":"EUCAST. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters 1\u201395 (2018)."},{"key":"14883_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","volume":"18","author":"A-P Magiorakos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Magiorakos, A.-P. et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: An international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 18, 268\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"14883_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.4315\/jfp-20-172","volume":"83","author":"MS Parvin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parvin, M. S. et al. Prevalence and multidrug resistance pattern of Salmonella carrying extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase in frozen chicken meat in Bangladesh. J. Food Prot. 83, 2107\u20132121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4315\/jfp-20-172 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"14883_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-017-1708-7","volume":"18","author":"A Khan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khan, A. & Mathelier, A. Intervene: A tool for intersection and visualization of multiple gene or genomic region sets. BMC Bioinform. 18, 287 (2017).","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"key":"14883_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-015-0611-3","volume":"16","author":"H Heberle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heberle, H., Meirelles, G. V., da Silva, F. R., Telles, G. P. & Minghim, R. InteractiVenn: A web-based tool for the analysis of sets through Venn diagrams. BMC Bioinform. 16, 1\u20137 (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"key":"14883_CR74","unstructured":"OIE. OIE Terrestrial Manual: Chapter 1.1.1. Collection and shipment of diagnostic specimens 3\u201314. (World Organisation for Animal Health, 2008)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-14883-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-14883-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-14883-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T05:58:16Z","timestamp":1669355896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-14883-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["14883"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-14883-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 August 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 June 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"10818"}}