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We retrospectively collected clinical and demographic data of preterm infants with birth weight\u2009\u2264\u20091500\u00a0g or gestational age\u2009&lt;\u200930\u00a0weeks admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Verona from 2015 to 2019. Uni- and multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate the potential effect of selected variables on the occurrence of any stage ROP and its progression to severe ROP, defined as ROP requiring treatment. Two hundred and eighty neonates were enrolled and 60 of them developed ROP (21.4%). Oxygen need for 28\u00a0days and late-onset sepsis (LOS) increased the risk of any grade ROP after adjusting for birth weight and gestational age (OR 6.35, 95% CI 2.14\u201318.85 and OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.04\u20135.94, respectively). Days of mechanical ventilation and of non-invasive ventilation increased the risk of progression to severe ROP after adjusting for birth weight and gestational age (OR 1.08, CI 1.02\u20131.14 and OR 1.06, CI 1.01\u20131.11, respectively). Exposure to infection with production of inflammatory mediators may contribute to increase the risk of ROP occurrence in very preterm neonates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15804-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T15:09:44Z","timestamp":1657292984000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Early and late onset sepsis and retinopathy of prematurity in a cohort of preterm infants"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Bonafiglia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Gusson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6056-5757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamim","family":"Ficial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Giulia","family":"Tisato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Rossignoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Caltran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Pedrotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renzo","family":"Beghini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Marchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"15804_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020331","volume":"10","author":"M Arima","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arima, M., Fujii, Y. & Sonoda, K. 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