{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:24:55Z","timestamp":1793125495057,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bharat Biotech International Limited"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This is a comprehensive report on immunogenicity of COVAXIN\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    booster dose against ancestral and Variants of Concern (VOCs) up to 12\u00a0months. It is well known that neutralizing antibodies induced by COVID-19 vaccines wane within 6\u00a0months of vaccination leading to questions on the effectiveness of two-dose vaccination against breakthrough infections. Therefore, we assessed the persistence of immunogenicity up to 6\u00a0months after a two or three-dose with BBV152 and the safety of a booster dose in an ongoing phase 2, double-blind, randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04471519). We report persistence of humoral and cell mediated immunity up to 12\u00a0months of vaccination, despite decline in the magnitude of antibody titers. Administration of a third dose of BBV152 increased neutralization titers against both homologous (D614G) and heterologous strains (Alpha, Beta, Delta, Delta Plus and Omicron) with a slight increase in B cell memory responses. Thus, seronversion rate remain high in boosted recipients compared to non-booster, even after 6\u00a0months, post third dose against variants. No serious adverse events observed, except pain at the injection site, itching and redness. Hence, these results indicate that a booster dose of BBV152 is safe and necessary to ensure persistent immunity to minimize breakthrough infections of COVID-19, due to newly emerging variants.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Trial registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Registered with the Clinical Trials Registry (India) No. CTRI\/2021\/04\/032942, dated 19\/04\/2021 and on Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04471519.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16097-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T10:05:44Z","timestamp":1657793144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Persistence of immunity and impact of third dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine against emerging variants"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04471519","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Krishna Mohan","family":"Vadrevu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brunda","family":"Ganneru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddharth","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harsh","family":"Jogdand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dugyala","family":"Raju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gajanan","family":"Sapkal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pragya","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabhakar","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savita","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandramani","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagar Vivek","family":"Redkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandra Sekhar","family":"Gillurkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitendra Singh","family":"Kushwaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satyajit","family":"Mohapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Bhate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay Kumar","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raches","family":"Ella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Ella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"16097_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01642-1","volume":"398","author":"M Shrotri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shrotri, M. et al. Spike-antibody waning after second dose of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1. Lancet 398, 385\u2013387 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"16097_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tang, P. et al. BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant in Qatar. 2021.08.11.21261885 (2021) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.08.11.21261885.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.08.11.21261885"},{"key":"16097_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Puranik, A. et al. Comparison of two highly-effective mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 during periods of Alpha and Delta variant prevalence. medRxiv 2021.08.06.21261707 (2021) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.08.06.21261707.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.08.06.21261707"},{"key":"16097_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2108891","volume":"385","author":"J LopezBernal","year":"2021","unstructured":"LopezBernal, J. et al. Effectiveness of covid-19 vaccines against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant. N. Engl. J. Med. 385, 585\u2013594 (2021).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"16097_CR5","first-page":"2100920","volume":"26","author":"T Harder","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harder, T. et al. Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection with the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant: Second interim results of a living systematic review and meta-analysis, 1 January to 25 August 2021. Euro Surveill. 26, 2100920 (2021).","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"16097_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2102214","volume":"384","author":"SA Madhi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Madhi, S. A. et al. Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Covid-19 vaccine against the B.1.351 variant. N. Engl. J. Med. 384, 1885\u20131898 (2021).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"16097_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2114114","volume":"385","author":"H Chemaitelly","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chemaitelly, H. et al. Waning of BNT162b2 vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in Qatar. N. Engl. J. Med. 385, e83 (2021).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"16097_CR8","first-page":"null","volume":"0","author":"N Andrews","year":"2022","unstructured":"Andrews, N. et al. Covid-19 vaccine effectiveness against the omicron (B.1.1.529) variant. N. Engl. J. Med. 0, null (2022).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"16097_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103938","volume":"78","author":"GR Medigeshi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Medigeshi, G. R. et al. Sub-optimal neutralisation of omicron (B.1.1.529) variant by antibodies induced by vaccine alone or SARS-CoV-2 infection plus vaccine (hybrid immunity) post 6-months. EBioMedicine 78, 103938 (2022).","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"16097_CR10","unstructured":"Update on Omicron. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/28-11-2021-update-on-omicron."},{"key":"16097_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ella, R. et al. Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBV152: interim results from a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, phase 2 trial, and 3-month follow-up of a double-blind, randomised phase 1 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 21(7), 950\u2013961 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00070-0.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00070-0"},{"key":"16097_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ella, R. et al. Efficacy, safety, and lot-to-lot immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV152): interim results of a randomised, double-blind, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 398(10317), 2173\u20132184 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02000-6.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02000-6"},{"key":"16097_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kar, S. K., Ransing, R., Arafat, S. M. Y. & Menon, V. Second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India: Barriers to effective governmental response. eClinicalMedicine 36, (2021).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100915"},{"key":"16097_CR14","unstructured":"WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. https:\/\/covid19.who.int."},{"key":"16097_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deshpande, G. R. et al. Booster dose of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine BBV152 (COVAXIN\u00ae) enhances the neutralizing antibody response against Alpha, Beta, Delta and Omicron variants of concern. J. Travel Med. 29(3), taac039 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jtm\/taac03.","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taac03"},{"key":"16097_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Edara, V.-V., Patel, M. & Suthar, M. S. COVAXIN\u00ae (BBV152) vaccine neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants. 2022.01.24.22269189 (2022) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.01.24.22269189.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.01.24.22269189"},{"key":"16097_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vadrevu, K. M. et al. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV152) in children aged 2\u201318 years: Interim data from an open-label, non-randomised, age de-escalation phase 2\/3 study. Lancet Infect. Dis. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00307-3.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00307-3"},{"key":"16097_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03647-4","volume":"595","author":"JS Turner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Turner, J. S. et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces long-lived bone marrow plasma cells in humans. Nature 595, 421\u2013425 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"16097_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e84","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2114583","volume":"385","author":"EG Levin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Levin, E. G. et al. Waning immune humoral response to BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccine over 6 months. N. Engl. J. Med. 385, e84 (2021).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"16097_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2021.1953403","volume":"10","author":"J Favresse","year":"2021","unstructured":"Favresse, J. et al. Antibody titres decline 3-month post-vaccination with BNT162b2. Emerg. Microbes Infect. 10, 1495\u20131498 (2021).","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"16097_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102424","volume":"16","author":"AK Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh, A. K. et al. Humoral antibody kinetics with ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield\u2122) and BBV-152 (COVAXIN\u00ae) vaccine among Indian Healthcare workers: A 6-month longitudinal cross-sectional coronavirus vaccine-induced antibody titre (COVAT) study. Diabetes Metab. Syndr. 16, 102424 (2022).","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"16097_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"COVAXIN\u00ae (BBV152) Vaccine Neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants|medRxiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.01.24.22269189v1.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.01.24.22269189v1"},{"key":"16097_CR23","unstructured":"Phase\u00a0I\/II study of COVID-19 RNA vaccine BNT162b1 in adults|Nature. https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-020-2639-4."},{"key":"16097_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2022483","volume":"383","author":"LA Jackson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jackson, L. A. et al. An mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2\u2014preliminary report. N. Engl. J. Med. 383, 1920\u20131931 (2020).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"16097_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Folegetti, P. M. et al. Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1\/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet 396(10249), 467\u2013478 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31604-4.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31604-4"},{"key":"16097_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2027906","volume":"383","author":"EE Walsh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walsh, E. E. et al. Safety and immunogenicity of two RNA-based Covid-19 vaccine candidates. N. Engl. J. Med. 383, 2439\u20132450 (2020).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"16097_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30843-4","volume":"21","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18\u201359 years: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1\/2 clinical trial. Lancet. Infect. Dis 21, 181\u2013192 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"16097_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.15543","volume":"324","author":"S Xia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xia, S. et al. Effect of an inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 on safety and immunogenicity outcomes: Interim analysis of 2 randomized clinical trials. JAMA 324, 951\u2013960 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"16097_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"taab051","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taab051","volume":"28","author":"GN Sapkal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sapkal, G. N. et al. Inactivated COVID-19 vaccine BBV152\/COVAXIN\u00ae effectively neutralizes recently emerged B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2. J. Travel. Med. 28, taab051 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Travel. Med."},{"key":"16097_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sapkal, G. N. et al. Neutralization of UK-variant VUI-202012\/01 with COVAXIN\u00ae vaccinated human serum. (2021) doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.01.26.426986.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.01.26.426986"},{"key":"16097_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab411","volume":"74","author":"PD Yadav","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yadav, P. D. et al. Neutralization of variant under investigation B.1.617.1 with sera of BBV152 vaccinees. Clin. Infect. Dis. 74, 366\u2013368 (2022).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"16097_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sapkal, G., Abraham, P. & Panda, S. Neutralization of VUI B.1.1.28 P2 variant with sera of COVID-19 recovered cases and recipients of COVAXIN\u00ae an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. J. Travel Med. 28(7), taab077 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jtm\/taab077.","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taab077"},{"key":"16097_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2021.100354","volume":"2","author":"KW Cohen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cohen, K. W. et al. Longitudinal analysis shows durable and broad immune memory after SARS-CoV-2 infection with persisting antibody responses and memory B and T cells. Cell Rep. Med. 2, 100354 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"16097_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabf4063","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf4063","volume":"371","author":"JM Dan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dan, J. M. et al. Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection. Science 371, eabf4063 (2021).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"16097_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24377-1","volume":"12","author":"JH Jung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jung, J. H. et al. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell memory is sustained in COVID-19 convalescent patients for 10 months with successful development of stem cell-like memory T cells. Nat. Commun. 12, 1\u20132 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"16097_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vikkurthi, R. et al. Inactivated virus vaccine BBV152\/COVAXIN\u00ae elicits robust cellular immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern. Nat. Microbiol. 7(7), 974\u2013985 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41564-022-01161-5.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01161-5"},{"issue":"21","key":"16097_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00674","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00674-5","volume":"S1473\u20133099","author":"D Desai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Desai, D. et al. Effectiveness of an inactivated virus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBV152, in India: A test-negative, case-control study. Lancet Infect. Dis. S1473\u20133099(21), 00674\u201300675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00674-5 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"21","key":"16097_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00681","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00681-2","volume":"S1473\u20133099","author":"G Zeng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zeng, G. et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a third dose of CoronaVac, and immune persistence of a two-dose schedule, in healthy adults: Interim results from two single-centre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trials. Lancet Infect. Dis. S1473\u20133099(21), 00681\u201300682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00681-2 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"16097_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01377-8","volume":"27","author":"DS Khoury","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khoury, D. S. et al. Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat. Med. 27, 1205\u20131211 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"16097_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, B. et al. Viral infection and transmission in a large, well-traced outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. 2021.07.07.21260122 (2021) doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.07.07.21260122.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.07.07.21260122"},{"issue":"21","key":"16097_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00696","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00696-4","volume":"S1473\u20133099","author":"J Croda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Croda, J. & Ranzani, O. T. Booster doses for inactivated COVID-19 vaccines: If, when, and for whom. Lancet Infect. Dis. S1473\u20133099(21), 00696\u201300704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00696-4 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"16097_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1029_20","volume":"151","author":"P Sarkale","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sarkale, P. et al. First isolation of SARS-CoV-2 from clinical samples in India. Indian J. Med. Res. 151, 244\u2013250 (2020).","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"16097_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102298","volume":"24","author":"B Ganneru","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ganneru, B. et al. Th1 skewed immune response of whole virion inactivated SARS CoV 2 vaccine and its safety evaluation. iScience 24, 102298 (2021).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"16097_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30942-7","volume":"21","author":"R Ella","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ella, R. et al. Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBV152: A double-blind, randomised, phase 1 trial. Lancet Infect. Dis. 21, 637\u2013646 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"16097_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1058_20","volume":"151","author":"V Potdar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Potdar, V. et al. Genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 strains among Indians returning from Italy, Iran & China, & Italian tourists in India. Indian J. Med. Res. 151, 255\u2013260 (2020).","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-16097-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-16097-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-16097-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T23:30:53Z","timestamp":1669332653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-16097-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["16097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-16097-3","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.01.05.22268777","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 March 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 July 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"12038"}}