{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T22:56:44Z","timestamp":1784933804229,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In South Korea, public\u2013private mix (PPM) was launched in 2011. This retrospective cohort study sought to determine the rate of loss to follow-up (LTFU) among drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB) patients in all nationwide PPM institutions, and the risk factors for LTFU. National notification data for DS-TB patients diagnosed between August 2011 and July 2014 in PPM institutions were analysed. Determination of LTFU included detection of instances where patients were transferred out, but when they did not attend at other TB centres in the following two months. Univariable and multivariable competing risk models were used to determine risk factors for LTFU. 73,046 patients with 78,485 records were enrolled. Nominally, 3426 (4.4%) of records were LTFU. However, after linking the multiple records in each patient, the percentage of LTFU was 12.3% (9004\/73,046). Risk factors for LTFU were: being foreign-born (3.13 (95% CI 2.77\u20133.53)), prior LTFU (2.31 (2.06\u20132.59)) and greater distance between the patient\u2019s home and the TB centre (4.27 (4.03\u20134.53)). \u2018Transfer-out\u2019 was a risk factor in patients managed by treatment centres close to home (1.65 (1.49\u20131.83)), but protective for those attending centres further (0.77 (0.66\u20130.89)) or far-away (0.52 (0.46\u20130.59)) from home. By considering the complete picture of a patient\u2019s interactions with healthcare, we identified a much higher level of LTFU than previously documented. This has implications for how outcomes of treatment are reported and argues for a joined-up national approach for the management and surveillance of TB patients, in nations with similar healthcare systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16441-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T10:02:45Z","timestamp":1658397765000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Hidden loss to follow-up among tuberculosis patients managed by public\u2013private mix institutions in South Korea"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hyung Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinsoo","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ah Young","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jick Hwan","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Seuk","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Soon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Lipman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Abubakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen R.","family":"Stagg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju Sang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"16441_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2111.141894","volume":"21","author":"JH Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim, J. H. & Yim, J.-J. Achievements in and challenges of tuberculosis control in South Korea. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 21, 1913\u20131920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2111.141894 (2015).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"16441_CR2","first-page":"346","volume":"5","author":"GH Bai","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bai, G. H., Kim, S. J., Lee, E. K. & Lew, W. J. Incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Korean civil servants: Second study, 1992\u20131994. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung. Dis. 5, 346\u2013353 (2001).","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung. Dis."},{"key":"16441_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2012.27.S.S21","volume":"27","author":"MS Kang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kang, M. S., Jang, H. S., Lee, M. & Park, E.-C. Sustainability of Korean national health insurance. J. Korean Med. Sci. 27, S21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2012.27.S.S21 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"16441_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-07308-0","volume":"21","author":"TJ Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee, T. J., Hwang, I. & Kim, H. L. Equity of health care financing in South Korea: 1990\u20132016. BMC Health Serv. Res. 21, 1327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-021-07308-0 (2021).","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"16441_CR5","unstructured":"Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. Annual Report on the Notified Tuberculosis in Korea, 2019 (2020)."},{"key":"16441_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15061119","volume":"15","author":"A Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim, A. et al. Primary care patients\u2019 preference for hospitals over clinics in Korea. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 15, 1119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph15061119 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"16441_CR7","unstructured":"Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. OECD Reviews of Public Health: Korea. A Healthier Tomorrow https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/sites\/6e005d47-en\/index.html?itemId=\/content\/component\/6e005d47-en (2020)."},{"key":"16441_CR8","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific. Republic of Korea health system review http:\/\/iris.wpro.who.int\/handle\/10665.1\/11358 (2015)."},{"key":"16441_CR9","first-page":"535","volume":"45","author":"JY Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee, J. Y. et al. Are the public health centers real threats to private clinics in Korea?. Iran. J. Public Health 45, 535\u2013536 (2016).","journal-title":"Iran. J. Public Health"},{"key":"16441_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2009.66.5.349","volume":"66","author":"HJ Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim, H. J. et al. A public-private collaboration model for treatment intervention to improve outcomes in patients with tuberculosis in the private sector. Tuberc. Respir. Dis. 66, 349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4046\/trd.2009.66.5.349 (2009).","journal-title":"Tuberc. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"16441_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2011.70.2.143","volume":"70","author":"JS Park","year":"2011","unstructured":"Park, J. S. Increasing the treatment success rate of tuberculosis in a private hospital through public\u2013private mix (PPM) project. Tuberc. Respir. Dis. 70, 143\u2013149 (2011).","journal-title":"Tuberc. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"16441_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-9276-10-49","volume":"10","author":"R Malmborg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Malmborg, R., Mann, G. & Squire, S. A systematic assessment of the concept and practice of public-private mix for tuberculosis care and control. Int. J. Equity Health 10, 49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-9276-10-49 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. J. Equity Health"},{"key":"16441_CR13","first-page":"1542","volume":"15","author":"C Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song, C. et al. The Korean national public-private mix tuberculosis control project: analysis of the indicators for tuberculosis management in 2020. Public Health Wkly. Rep. 15, 1542\u20131552 (2022).","journal-title":"Public Health Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"16441_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2018.04.006","volume":"11","author":"U Go","year":"2018","unstructured":"Go, U. et al. Tuberculosis prevention and care in Korea: Evolution of policy and practice. J. Clin. Tuberc. Other Mycobacter. Dis. 11, 28\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jctube.2018.04.006 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Tuberc. Other Mycobacter. Dis."},{"key":"16441_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003343.pub2","author":"J Volmink","year":"2006","unstructured":"Volmink, J. & Garner, P. Directly observed therapy for treating tuberculosis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003343.pub2 (2006).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"16441_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3574-y","volume":"18","author":"J Mok","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mok, J. et al. Treatment outcomes and factors affecting treatment outcomes of new patients with tuberculosis in Busan, South Korea: A retrospective study of a citywide registry, 2014\u20132015. BMC Infect. Dis. 18, 655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-018-3574-y (2018).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"16441_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-360","author":"H Choi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Choi, H. et al. Predictors of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment outcomes in South Korea: A prospective cohort study, 2005\u20132012. BMC Infect. Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-14-360 (2014).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"16441_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10105395211000529","author":"H Son","year":"2021","unstructured":"Son, H. et al. Status and determinants of treatment outcomes among new tuberculosis patients in South Korea: A retrospective cohort study. Asia Pac. J. Public Health https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10105395211000529 (2021).","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Public Health"},{"key":"16441_CR19","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Definitions and reporting framework for tuberculosis \u2013 2013 revision. https:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/publications\/definitions\/en\/ (2013)."},{"key":"16441_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.14.0040","volume":"4","author":"I Lucenko","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lucenko, I. et al. Treatment outcomes among drug-susceptible tuberculosis patients in Latvia, 2006\u20132010. Public Health Action 4, S54-58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/pha.14.0040 (2014).","journal-title":"Public Health Action"},{"key":"16441_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.16.0103","volume":"7","author":"ZM Thet Lwin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thet Lwin, Z. M., Sahu, S. K., Owiti, P., Chinnakali, P. & Majumdar, S. S. Public-private mix for tuberculosis care and control in Myanmar: A strategy to scale up?. Public Health Action 7, 15\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/pha.16.0103 (2017).","journal-title":"Public Health Action"},{"key":"16441_CR22","unstructured":"Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. Annual Report on the Notified Tuberculosis in Korea, 2010 (2011)."},{"key":"16441_CR23","unstructured":"Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National guidelines for tuberculosis control (2016)."},{"key":"16441_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.4.9708058","volume":"157","author":"KC Cummings","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cummings, K. C., Mohle-Boetani, J., Royce, S. E. & Chin, D. P. Movement of tuberculosis patients and the failure to complete antituberculosis treatment. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 157, 1249\u20131252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.157.4.9708058 (1998).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"16441_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckr154","volume":"22","author":"M Zhu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhu, M., Wang, J., Dib, H. H. & Wang, Z. Enhancing the management of cross-regional transfer of floating tuberculosis cases by active follow-up and communication. Eur. J. Public Health 22, 577\u2013582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckr154 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Public Health"},{"key":"16441_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040238","volume":"4","author":"SA Munro","year":"2007","unstructured":"Munro, S. A. et al. Patient adherence to tuberculosis treatment: a systematic review of qualitative research. PLoS Med. 4, e238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040238 (2007).","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"16441_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-981","volume":"12","author":"KC Takarinda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Takarinda, K. C., Harries, A. D., Mutasa-Apollo, T., Sandy, C. & Mugurungi, O. Characteristics and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis patients who \u201ctransfer-in\u201d to health facilities in Harare City, Zimbabwe: A descriptive cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 12, 981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-12-981 (2012).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"16441_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294876","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1294876","volume":"2016","author":"T Belayneh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Belayneh, T. et al. Characteristics and treatment outcomes of \u201ctransfer-out\u201d pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Gondar, Ethiopia. Tuberc. Res. Treat. 2016, 1294876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/1294876 (2016).","journal-title":"Tuberc. Res. Treat."},{"key":"16441_CR29","first-page":"588","volume":"11","author":"SE Ottmani","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ottmani, S. E. et al. Improving the quality of cohort analysis by incorporating treatment outcomes of \u201ctransferred in\u201d TB cases. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 11, 588\u2013590 (2007).","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"16441_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-134","volume":"7","author":"M Vree","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vree, M. et al. Mortality and failure among tuberculosis patients who did not complete treatment in Vietnam: A cohort study. BMC Public Health 7, 134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-7-134 (2007).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"16441_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206580","volume":"13","author":"T Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, T., Du, X., Shewade, H. D., Soe, K. T. & Zhang, H. What happens to migrant tuberculosis patients who are transferred out using a web-based system in China?. PLoS ONE 13, e0206580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0206580 (2018).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"16441_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.19.0684","volume":"24","author":"HW Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim, H. W. et al. Reasons why patients with tuberculosis in South Korea stop anti-TB treatment: A cross-sectional study. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 24, 1016\u20131023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtld.19.0684 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"16441_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2010.01784.x","volume":"15","author":"HS Schaaf","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schaaf, H. S., Collins, A., Bekker, A. & Davies, P. D. Tuberculosis at extremes of age. Respirology 15, 747\u2013763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2010.01784.x (2010).","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"16441_CR34","unstructured":"OECD. Pensions at a Glance 2019 (2019)."},{"key":"16441_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12056-1","volume":"21","author":"J Nidoi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nidoi, J. et al. Impact of socio-economic factors on Tuberculosis treatment outcomes in north-eastern Uganda: A mixed methods study. BMC Public Health 21, 2167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-021-12056-1 (2021).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"16441_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-021-01735-9","volume":"21","author":"S Soedarsono","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soedarsono, S. et al. Determinant factors for loss to follow-up in drug-resistant tuberculosis patients: The importance of psycho-social and economic aspects. BMC Pulm. Med. 21, 360\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-021-01735-9 (2021).","journal-title":"BMC Pulm. Med."},{"key":"16441_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2017.58.3.592","volume":"58","author":"GH Min","year":"2017","unstructured":"Min, G. H. et al. Social and clinical characteristics of immigrants with tuberculosis in South Korea. Yonsei Med. J. 58, 592\u2013597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3349\/ymj.2017.58.3.592 (2017).","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"16441_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-360","volume":"14","author":"H Choi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Choi, H. et al. Predictors of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment outcomes in South Korea: A prospective cohort study, 2005\u20132012. BMC Infect. Dis. 14, 360\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-14-360 (2014).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"16441_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2020.0093","volume":"84","author":"Y Kang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kang, Y. et al. Treatment outcomes of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: Comparison of pre- and post-public-private mix periods. Tuberc. Respir. Dis. (Seoul) 84, 74\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4046\/trd.2020.0093 (2021).","journal-title":"Tuberc. Respir. Dis. (Seoul)"},{"key":"16441_CR40","unstructured":"Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National guidelines for tuberculosis control (2019)."},{"key":"16441_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2020.0016","volume":"83","author":"J Min","year":"2020","unstructured":"Min, J. et al. Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring under the national public-private mix tuberculosis control project in South Korea 2016\u20132017. Tuberc. Respir. Dis. 83, 218\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4046\/trd.2020.0016 (2020).","journal-title":"Tuberc. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"16441_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-05979-9","volume":"21","author":"N Joudyian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Joudyian, N., Doshmangir, L., Mahdavi, M., Tabrizi, J. S. & Gordeev, V. S. Public-private partnerships in primary health care: A scoping review. BMC Health Serv. Res. 21, 4\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-020-05979-9 (2021).","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"16441_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.002","volume":"7","author":"H-Y Kang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kang, H.-Y. et al. Tuberculosis notification completeness and timeliness in the Republic of Korea during 2012\u20132014. Osong Public Health Res. Perspect. 7, 320\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.002 (2016).","journal-title":"Osong Public Health Res. Perspect."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30025-z","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000}}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-16441-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-16441-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-16441-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T11:06:43Z","timestamp":1676977603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-16441-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["16441"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-16441-7","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30025-z","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 March 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 February 2023","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-30025-z","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-30025-z","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"12362"}}