{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T15:42:43Z","timestamp":1771947763320,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660694400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T2EDK-03677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2EDK-03677"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedural details in swine are similar to those performed to humans, since their heart and coronary anatomy closely resembles. However, only a few detailed descriptions of the procedure are available, containing notable differences. We present a feasible and reproducible protocol for percutaneous coronary interventions in porcine experimental models, utilizing ultrasound-guided femoral approach. Nine female pigs were studied to explore the feasibility of superficial femoral arterial (SFA) access for coronary angiography and provisional PCI, as well as the most suitable guiding coronary catheters and angiographic projections for the above interventions. Experiments were performed under general anesthesia, using ultrasound-guided puncture of the SFA to gain arterial access. The Amplatzer AR1<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> catheter, and the Right Coronary Bypass<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> catheter were used for the selective engagement of the right and the left coronary artery, respectively. Successful arterial access and subsequent cardiac catheterization were performed in all pigs. Only one animal required a second puncture for femoral artery access. None of the 9 animals presented any significant tachycardia or hypotensive episode. One animal developed an access site-related complication following the first catheterization procedure. During follow-up, 100% success of SFA catheterization was achieved using the same ultrasound-guided technique. The ultrasound-guided superficial femoral artery access for coronary angiography and provisional interventions in porcine models is a quick and safe alternative to the carotid artery approach. The RCB and AR1 catheters may be the best choice for the quick and easy selective coronary engagement of the right and left ostia, respectively.\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17436-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T10:04:23Z","timestamp":1660730663000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Ultrasound-guided femoral approach for coronary angiography and interventions in the porcine model"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Grigorios","family":"Tsigkas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Vasilagkos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Tousis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michail","family":"Theofanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasios","family":"Apostolos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Spyridonidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonidas","family":"Goudas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Karpetas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Moulias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christos S.","family":"Katsouras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Kitrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Mplani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anargyros N.","family":"Moulas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Karnabatidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Periklis","family":"Davlouros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"17436_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2016.66","volume":"39","author":"G Tsigkas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tsigkas, G. et al. A minimally invasive endovascular rabbit model for experimental induction of progressive myocardial hypertrophy. Hypertens. Res. 39, 840\u2013847 (2016).","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"17436_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300050545","volume":"8","author":"RF Dondelinger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dondelinger, R. F. et al. Relevant radiological anatomy of the pig as a training model in interventional radiology. Eur. Radiol. 8, 1254\u20131273 (1998).","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"17436_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.10705","volume":"60","author":"HC Lowe","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lowe, H. C. et al. The porcine coronary model of in-stent restenosis: Current status in the era of drug-eluting stents. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. Off. J. Soc. Card. Angiogr. Interv. 60, 515\u2013523 (2003).","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. Off. J. Soc. Card. Angiogr. Interv."},{"key":"17436_CR4","first-page":"195483","volume":"2011","author":"Y Suzuki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Suzuki, Y., Yeung, A. C. & Ikeno, F. The representative porcine model for human cardiovascular disease. J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 2011, 195483 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"17436_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(00)00285-6","volume":"49","author":"EF Unger","year":"2001","unstructured":"Unger, E. F. Experimental evaluation of coronary collateral development. Cardiovasc. Res. 49, 497\u2013506 (2001).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"17436_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731111001650","volume":"6","author":"PD Williams","year":"2012","unstructured":"Williams, P. D., Malik, N. & Kingston, P. A. Coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention in the porcine model: A practical guide to the procedure. Animal 6, 311\u2013320 (2012).","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"17436_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000033485.20594.6F","volume":"106","author":"RS Schwartz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schwartz, R. S. et al. Drug-eluting stents in preclinical studies: Recommended evaluation from a consensus group. Circulation 106, 1867\u20131873 (2002).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"17436_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.3.429","volume":"103","author":"ER Edelman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Edelman, E. R. et al. Gold-coated NIR stents in porcine coronary arteries. Circulation 103, 429\u2013434 (2001).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"17436_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2020.100979","volume":"7","author":"C Fritz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fritz, C. et al. Percutaneous cannulation for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): A method for pig experimental models. MethodsX 7, 100979 (2020).","journal-title":"MethodsX"},{"key":"17436_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01014.2009","volume":"108","author":"X Long","year":"2010","unstructured":"Long, X., Bratz, I. N., Alloosh, M., Edwards, J. M. & Sturek, M. Short-term exercise training prevents micro- and macrovascular disease following coronary stenting. J. Appl. Physiol. 108, 1766\u20131774 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"17436_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1097\/01.RVI.0000244836.16098.B1","volume":"17","author":"D Karnabatidis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Karnabatidis, D., Katsanos, K., Diamantopoulos, A., Kagadis, G. C. & Siablis, D. Transauricular arterial or venous access for cardiovascular experimental protocols in animals. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 17, 1803\u20131811 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"17436_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677217719923","volume":"52","author":"JH Anderson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anderson, J. H. et al. Ultrasound guided percutaneous common carotid artery access in piglets for intracoronary stem cell infusion. Lab. Anim. 52, 88\u201392 (2018).","journal-title":"Lab. Anim."},{"key":"17436_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12407","volume":"44","author":"J Izer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Izer, J., Wilson, R., Hernon, K. & \u00dcndar, A. Ultrasound-guided vessel catheterization in adult Yorkshire cross-bred pigs. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 44, 133\u2013137 (2017).","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"17436_CR14","first-page":"337","volume":"89","author":"L Cicero","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cicero, L., Fazzotta, S., Palumbo, V. D., Cassata, G. & Lo Monte, A. I. Anesthesia protocols in laboratory animals used for scientific purposes. Acta Biomed. 89, 337\u2013342 (2018).","journal-title":"Acta Biomed."},{"key":"17436_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012373898-1.50019-X","volume-title":"American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine","author":"AC Smith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smith, A. C. & Swindle, M. M. Chapter 15\u2014Anesthesia and analgesia in swine. In American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine 2nd edn (eds Fish, R. E. et al.) 413\u2013440 (Academic Press, 2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-012373898-1.50019-X.","edition":"2"},{"key":"17436_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2018.11.007","volume":"46","author":"M Zaballos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zaballos, M. et al. Differential effects of sevoflurane and propofol on swine cardiac conduction system. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 46, 344\u2013351 (2019).","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"17436_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.3109\/00016925309136722","volume":"39","author":"SI Seldinger","year":"1953","unstructured":"Seldinger, S. I. Catheter replacement of the needle in percutaneous arteriography; a new technique. Acta Radiol. 39, 368\u2013376 (1953).","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"17436_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H401","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00153.2012","volume":"303","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Takarada, S. & Molloi, S. Quantification of absolute coronary flow reserve and relative fractional flow reserve in a swine animal model using angiographic image data. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 303, H401\u2013H410 (2012).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"17436_CR19","first-page":"326","volume":"19","author":"E Kaluski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kaluski, E., Groothuis, A., Klapholz, M., Seifart, P. & Edelman, E. Coronary stenting with M-Guard: Feasibility and safety porcine trial. J. Invasive Cardiol. 19, 326\u2013330 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Invasive Cardiol."},{"key":"17436_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/59365","author":"RRE Uwiera","year":"2019","unstructured":"Uwiera, R. R. E., Toossi, A., Everaert, D. G., Uwiera, T. C. & Mushahwar, V. K. Brachial artery catheterization in swine. J. Vis. Exp. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/59365 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"17436_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2010.04.015","volume":"3","author":"AH Seto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Seto, A. H. et al. Real-time ultrasound guidance facilitates femoral arterial access and reduces vascular complications: FAUST (Femoral Arterial Access With Ultrasound Trial). JACC Cardiovasc. Interv. 3, 751\u2013758 (2010).","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"17436_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0241444","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241444","volume":"15","author":"H Furbeyre","year":"2020","unstructured":"Furbeyre, H. & Labussiere, E. A minimally invasive catheterization of the external jugular vein in suckling piglets using ultrasound guidance. PLoS ONE 15, e0241444 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"17436_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.1998.19310105.x","volume":"193","author":"SJ Crick","year":"1998","unstructured":"Crick, S. J., Sheppard, M. N., Ho, S. Y., Gebstein, L. & Anderson, R. H. Anatomy of the pig heart: Comparisons with normal human cardiac structure. J. Anat. 193(Pt 1), 105\u2013119 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Anat."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-17436-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-17436-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-17436-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T07:09:54Z","timestamp":1669360194000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-17436-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["17436"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-17436-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 May 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 July 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 August 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"13909"}}