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The intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin was used to induce a type 1 diabetes mellitus mouse model; the blood glucose, body weight, and the expression of inflammatory factors in the kidney were measured. Immunohistochemistry was applied to determine and analyze the infiltration of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells and macrophages in the spleen, pancreas, and kidney. The subtypes of macrophages in the kidney and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells in the spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry. Our study suggests that CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells and macrophages increase, while the inflammatory immune response system is activated in the development of T1DM. CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells positively correlated with macrophages in the pancreas and kidney of T1DM. CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells turn to pro-inflammatory subtypes in the spleen of T1DM, while macrophages turn to pro-inflammatory subtypes in the kidney of T1DM. Therefore, regulation of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells and macrophages may be a potential target for T1DM and kidney complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19031-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T10:05:52Z","timestamp":1662113152000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Changes of macrophage and CD4+ T cell in inflammatory response in type 1 diabetic mice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chenhao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengrun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujun","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisha","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"19031_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2018.11.005","volume":"13","author":"LJ Apperley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Apperley, L. 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