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In this mode multiple pulses are required for most irradiations. By modulating pulse repetition rate and irradiating at SSD\u2009=\u2009171\u00a0cm, dose rates below 1\u00a0Gy\/min can be achieved, allowing comparison of FLASH and conventional irradiations with the same beam. Operating in 6 MV photon mode, with the conversion target removed (\n                    <jats:italic>SuperFLASH<\/jats:italic>\n                    mode), samples are irradiated at higher dose rates (0.2\u2013150\u00a0Gy per 5\u00a0\u00b5s pulse, 360 pulses per second) and most irradiations can be performed with a single very high dose rate pulse. In both modes we have seen the expected inverse relation between dose rate and irradiated area, with the highest dose rates obtained for beams with a FWHM of about 2\u00a0cm and\u2009\u00b1\u200910% uniformity over 1\u00a0cm diameter. As an example of operation of the ultra-high dose rate FLASH irradiator, we present dose rate dependence of dicentric chromosome yields.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19211-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T05:03:04Z","timestamp":1671685384000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Ultra-high dose rate FLASH irradiator at the radiological research accelerator facility"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Guy","family":"Garty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razib","family":"Obaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naresh","family":"Deoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Royba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuewen","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Harken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"19211_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2019.04.001","volume":"31","author":"MC Vozenin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vozenin, M. 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