{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:47:15Z","timestamp":1790801235654,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD16CIII\/0002\/0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16CIII\/0002\/0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Different phenotypes exhibiting no evidences of disease progression have been described in ART-na\u00efve HIV-1 positive individuals. Long-term non progressors (LTNP) and elite controllers (EC) are low frequent examples of immunological and virological control in HIV-1 positive subjects, respectively. The combination of both phenotypes is even less frequent and studied despite being considered as models of HIV-1 functional cure. A multicenter, prospective study in retrospect including clinical and epidemiological data collected from 313 LTNP of 21 Spanish hospitals was carried out. LTNPs maintaining CD4+\u2009T cell counts over 500 cells\/\u00b5l and viral loads (VL) under 10,000 copies\/mL for at least 10\u00a0years in the absence of antiretroviral therapy were followed for a median of 20.8\u00a0years (IQR\u2009=\u200915.6\u201325.5). A 52.1% were considered EC (undetectable VL) and LTNP (EC-LTNP) and a total of 171 (54.8%) and 42 (13.5%) out of the 313 participants maintained LTNP status for at least 20 and 30\u00a0years, respectively. EC-LTNP showed lower CD4+\u2009T cell count loss (9.9 vs 24.2\u00a0cells\/\u00b5l\/year), higher CD4\/CD8 ratio (0.01 vs\u2009\u2212\u20090.09 in ratio), and lesser VL increase (no increase vs 197.2\u00a0copies\/mL\/year) compared with LTNPs with detectable VL (vLTNP). Survival probabilities for all-cause mortality at 30\u00a0years from HIV\u2009+\u2009diagnosis were 0.90 for EC-LTNP and 0.70 for vLTNP (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092.0\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and EC-LTNP phenotype was the only factor associated with better survival in multivariate analyses (HR\u2009=\u20090.28; 95% CI 0.10\u20130.79). The probability to preserve LTNP status at 30\u00a0years was 0.51 for EC-LTNP and 0.18 for vLTNP (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20092.2\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u221216<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Risk factors associated to the loss of LTNP status was: higher age at diagnosis and the increase of VL, whereas the increase of CD4+\u2009T cell counts and CD4\/CD8 ratio, the initial EC-LTNP phenotype and HCV coinfection were protective factors. EC-LTNP phenotype was associated with improved survival and slower disease progression compared with other phenotypes of LTNP. EC-LTNP individuals represent one of the most favorable phenotypes of immune activation against HIV-1 found in nature and, therefore, are strong candidates to be considered a model of functional cure of HIV-1 infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19970-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T16:04:01Z","timestamp":1664467441000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Elite controllers long-term non progressors present improved survival and slower disease progression"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Capa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Ayala-Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Humberto Erick","family":"De La Torre Tarazona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"del Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Alcam\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"D\u00edez-Fuertes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"19970_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-6-27","volume":"9","author":"I Garc\u00eda-Merino","year":"2009","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Merino, I. et al. 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