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To better understand the pathophysiology of COVID-19 on the size of larger conducting airways, we determined the luminal area of the central airways in patients with a history of COVID-19 compared to a height-matched cohort of controls using a case\u2013control study design. Using three-dimensional reconstruction from low-dose high-resolution computed tomography, we retrospectively assessed airway luminal cross-sectional area in 114 patients with COVID-19 (66 females, 48 males) and 114 healthy, sex- and height-matched controls (66 females, 48 males). People with a history of smoking, cardiopulmonary disease, or a body mass index greater than 40\u00a0kg\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> were excluded. Luminal areas of seven conducting airways were analyzed, including trachea, left and right main bronchus, intermediate bronchus, left and right upper lobe, and left lower lobe. For the central conducting airways, luminal area was\u2009~\u200915% greater patients with COVID-19 compared to matched controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Among patients with COVID-19, there were generally no differences in the luminal areas of the conducting airways between hospitalized patients compared to patients who did not require COVID-19-related hospitalization. Our findings suggest that males and females with COVID-19 have pathologically larger conducting airway luminal areas than healthy, sex- and height-matched controls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22005-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T13:09:20Z","timestamp":1666789760000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Greater central airway luminal area in people with COVID-19: a case\u2013control series"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8445-0671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Jeltema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2989-547X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen K.","family":"Gorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5661-0698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik A.","family":"Ovrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4908-9774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan G.","family":"Ripoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5575-4043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo B.","family":"Dominelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7135-7643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Joyner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2092-3163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian T.","family":"Welch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8116-3538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathon W.","family":"Senefeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6458-0142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chad C.","family":"Wiggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"22005_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924","volume":"55","author":"CC Lai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lai, C. 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