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Long-term complications include a frequent need for repeat surgical intervention for disease recurrence, and techniques to improve efficacy of single-stage surgery are an important area of continued research. This study investigates a novel application of the photosensitizer immune conjugate (PIC) cetuximab-benzoporphyrin derivative (Cet-BPD) for in vitro localization of human cholesteatoma tissue, coupled with an in vivo safety study for middle ear application of Cet-BPD in a murine model. In fresh human cholesteatoma tissues, Cet-BPD demonstrates selective localization to the hyperplastic squamous cell tissue associated with cholesteatoma, without localizing to other tissues such as middle ear mucosa. Applied to the murine middle ear, Cet-BPD does not demonstrate any deleterious effect on murine hearing when assessed by any of auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds, distortion product otoacoustic emission thresholds, or ABR wave I amplitudes. These findings demonstrate the technical promise and encouraging safety profile for the use of PICs for intraoperative localization and treatment of cholesteatoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22072-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,19]],"date-time":"2022-11-19T06:02:27Z","timestamp":1668837747000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A fluorescent photoimmunoconjugate for imaging of cholesteatoma"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"Early","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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