{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T21:52:07Z","timestamp":1787003527007,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002386","name":"Cairo University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We studied the effect of menopause with subsequent estrogen drop on optic nerve head structure and peripapillary vasculature. This cross-sectional analytic study was carried out on 100 eyes of 100 patients; patients were divided into a premenopausal group (50 eyes) and a postmenopausal group (50 eyes). Optical coherence tomography was done to evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to assess the peripapillary capillary vessel density. RNFLT as well as the peripapillary vessel density (VD) were significantly lower in the postmenopausal group (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    value\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) with increasing\u00a0age,\u00a0hormonal drop, and higher intraocular pressure (IOP), specifically in the inferior quadrant. However, the negative correlation between IOP and VD (r\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.541) was stronger than its negative correlation with RNFLT (r\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.318). Postmenopausal hormonal changes lead to a significant rise in IOP-although still not glaucomatous- and a decrease in the RNFLT and perfusion of the optic nerve. This confirms the relation between hormonal drop and glaucoma in postmenopausal women. Changes in peripapillary vascular density were more evident than RNFL in correlation with IOP and age changes. So, OCTA can be used to detect early optic nerve affection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22844-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T11:17:52Z","timestamp":1666955872000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The effect of postmenopausal hormonal drop on optic nerve head and peripapillary perfusion using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Fathy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alia","family":"Noureldine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala M.","family":"Elmofty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9111-6150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doaa Ahmad","family":"Tolba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"22844_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S222","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.161483","volume":"57","author":"PK Dalal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dalal, P. K. & Agarwal, M. Postmenopausal syndrome. Indian J. Psychiatry 57(Suppl 2), S222\u2013S232 (2015).","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"22844_CR2","first-page":"51","volume":"8","author":"T Peck","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peck, T., Olsakovsky, L. & Aggarwal, S. Dry eye syndrome in menopause and perimenopausal age group. J. Midlife Health 8(2), 51\u201354 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Midlife Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"22844_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3710","volume":"51","author":"MC Desch\u00eanes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Desch\u00eanes, M. C. et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy increases retinal blood flow and protects the retinal nerve fiber layer. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 51(5), 2587\u20132600 (2010).","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"22844_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3182443137","volume":"19","author":"TS Vajaranant","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vajaranant, T. S. & Pasquale, L. R. Estrogen deficiency accelerates aging of the optic nerve. Menopause 19(8), 942 (2012).","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"22844_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2015.1114845","volume":"31","author":"SS Dewundara","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dewundara, S. S., Wiggs, J. L., Sullivan, D. A. & Pasquale, L. R. Is estrogen a therapeutic target for glaucoma? Semin. Ophthalmol. 31(1\u20132), 140\u2013146 (2016).","journal-title":"Semin. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"8","key":"22844_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719114522523","volume":"21","author":"G A\u00e7maz","year":"2014","unstructured":"A\u00e7maz, G. et al. Evaluation of the macula, retinal nerve fiber layer, and choroid thickness in women with polycystic ovary syndrome using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Reprod. Sci. 21(8), 1044\u20131049 (2014).","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"22844_CR7","first-page":"498","volume":"44","author":"YH Chan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chan, Y. H. Biostatistics 103: Qualitative data-tests of independence. Singap. Med. J. 44(10), 498\u2013503 (2003).","journal-title":"Singap. Med. J."},{"issue":"12","key":"22844_CR8","first-page":"614","volume":"44","author":"YH Chan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chan, Y. H. Biostatistics 104: Correlational analysis. Singap. Med. J. 44(12), 614\u2013619 (2003).","journal-title":"Singap. Med. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"22844_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.15212\/FMCH.2018.0110","volume":"6","author":"CP Siuw","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siuw, C. P., Vasudevan, S. & Mustapha, M. Factors influencing IOP changes in postmenopausal women. Family Med. Commun. Health 6(3), 97\u2013103 (2018).","journal-title":"Family Med. Commun. Health"},{"key":"22844_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210201200404","volume":"12","author":"M Centofanti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Centofanti, M. et al. Pulsatile ocular blood flow during pregnancy. Eur. J. Ophthalmol. 12, 276\u2013280 (2002).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"7","key":"22844_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.84.7.786","volume":"84","author":"M Centofanti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Centofanti, M. et al. Do sex and hormonal status influence choroidal circulation? Br. J. Ophthalmol. 84(7), 786\u2013787 (2000).","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"22844_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18877","volume":"57","author":"T Mase","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mase, T., Ishibazawa, A., Nagaoka, T., Yokota, H. & Yoshida, A. Radial peripapillary capillary network visualized using wide-field montage optical coherence tomography angiography. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 57, 504\u2013510 (2016).","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"22844_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S179816","volume":"12","author":"GM Richter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Richter, G. M. et al. Peripapillary microvasculature in the retinal nerve fiber layer in glaucoma by optical coherence tomography angiography: Focal structural and functional correlations and diagnostic performance. Clin. Ophthalmol. 12, 2285\u20132296 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"22844_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60051-0","volume":"10","author":"K Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee, K. et al. Diagnostic ability of vessel density measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography for glaucoma in patients with high myopia. 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