{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:30:54Z","timestamp":1792791054648,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), France","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05q3vnk25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Unicef, Cambodia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Worldwide, over 250 million children under 5\u00a0years do not reach their developmental potential due to several causes, including malnutrition. In Cambodia, the prevalence of stunting and wasting among children remains high. This prospective cohort study aimed to assess acquisition of motor and cognitive developmental milestones in early childhood and their associations with stunting and wasting. Children aged from 0 to 24\u00a0months were recruited from three provinces in Cambodia and followed up to seven times from March 2016 to June 2019, until their 5\u00a0years. Data collection included anthropometry and developmental milestones. Seven motor and seven cognitive milestones were evaluated using the Cambodian Development Milestone Assessment Tool. Associations were assessed with parametric survival models. Hazard ratios (HR) below 1 stood for lower probabilities for achieving developmental milestones. Data were available for 7394 children. At 12\u00a0months, the prevalence of stunting and wasting were 23.7% and 9.6% respectively. Both were consistently associated with delays in most motor and cognitive milestones. Stunting was strongly associated with delays in gross motor milestones (HR\u2009&lt;\u20090.85;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Wasting was more strongly associated with delays in fine motor development and most cognitive milestones (HR\u2009&lt;\u20090.75;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Promoting nutritional programs in the first 1000\u00a0days to prevent malnutrition is essential to further the optimal growth and motor and cognitive development of Cambodian children.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22861-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T08:03:45Z","timestamp":1666685025000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The associations between stunting and wasting at 12\u00a0months of age and developmental milestones delays in a cohort of Cambodian children"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Marion","family":"Van Beekum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judit","family":"Van Geystelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Hondru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somphos Vicheth","family":"Som","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan","family":"Theary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Laillou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Poirot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten A.","family":"Bork","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank T.","family":"Wieringa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Fortin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"22861_CR1","unstructured":"UNICEF. The State of the World\u2019s Children 2021: On My Mind\u2014Promoting, Protecting and Caring for Children\u2019s Mental Health (2021)."},{"key":"22861_CR2","unstructured":"Under-five mortality. UNICEF Data: Monitoring the Situation of Children and Women https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/topic\/child-survival\/under-five-mortality\/."},{"key":"22861_CR3","unstructured":"FAO. The Impact of Gender Policy Processes on the Right to Food (2016)."},{"key":"22861_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.4.890","volume":"134","author":"AJ Conlisk","year":"2004","unstructured":"Conlisk, A. J., Barnhart, H. X., Martorell, R., Grajeda, R. & Stein, A. D. Maternal and child nutritional supplementation are inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose concentration in young Guatemalan adults. J. Nutr. 134, 890\u2013897 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"22861_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.5.1156","volume":"112","author":"H Li","year":"2003","unstructured":"Li, H., Barnhart, H. X., Stein, A. D. & Martorell, R. Effects of early childhood supplementation on the educational achievement of women. Pediatrics 112, 1156\u20131162 (2003).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"22861_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60032-4","volume":"369","author":"S Grantham-McGregor","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grantham-McGregor, S. et al. Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries. Lancet 369, 60\u201370 (2007).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"22861_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12834","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12834","volume":"15","author":"ME Ocansey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ocansey, M. E. et al. The association of early linear growth and haemoglobin concentration with later cognitive, motor, and social\u2013emotional development at preschool age in Ghana. Matern. Child Nutr. 15, e12834 (2019).","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr."},{"key":"22861_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2018.1","volume":"19","author":"JH Gilmore","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gilmore, J. H., Knickmeyer, R. C. & Gao, W. Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 19, 123\u2013137 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"22861_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu027","volume":"25","author":"AE Lyall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lyall, A. E. et al. Dynamic development of regional cortical thickness and surface area in early childhood. Cereb. Cortex 25, 2204\u20132212 (2015).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"22861_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.12.044","volume":"276","author":"J Dubois","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dubois, J. et al. The early development of brain white matter: A review of imaging studies in fetuses, newborns and infants. Neuroscience 276, 48\u201371 (2014).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"22861_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.05.013","volume":"175","author":"SE Cusick","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cusick, S. E. & Georgieff, M. K. The role of nutrition in brain development: The golden opportunity of the \u201cfirst 1000 days\u201d. J. Pediatr. 175, 16\u201321 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"22861_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.1.144","volume":"109","author":"WK Frankenburg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Frankenburg, W. K. Developmental surveillance and screening of infants and young children. Pediatrics 109, 144\u2013145 (2002).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"22861_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(67)80070-2","volume":"71","author":"WK Frankenburg","year":"1967","unstructured":"Frankenburg, W. K. & Dodds, J. B. The Denver developmental screening test. J. Pediatr. 71, 181\u2013191 (1967).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"22861_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022115593803","volume":"46","author":"LB Karasik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karasik, L. B., Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Adolph, K. E. & Bornstein, M. H. Places and postures: A cross-cultural comparison of sitting in 5-month-olds. J. Cross Cult. Psychol. 46, 1023\u20131038 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Cross Cult. Psychol."},{"key":"22861_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00119","volume":"11","author":"O Oudgenoeg-Paz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oudgenoeg-Paz, O., Atun-Einy, O. & van Schaik, S. D. M. Two cultural models on infant motor development: Middle class parents in Israel and the Netherlands. Front. Psychol. 11, 119 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"22861_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3288-2","volume":"16","author":"TG Abessa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abessa, T. G. et al. Adaptation and standardization of a Western tool for assessing child development in non-Western low-income context. BMC Public Health 16, 652 (2016).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"22861_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2019.104934","volume":"141","author":"C Ngoun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ngoun, C., De Mey, P., Baesel, K., Khann, R. K. & Stoey, L. S. Cambodian Developmental Milestone Assessment Tool (cDMAT): Performance reference charts and reliability check of a tool to assess early childhood development in Cambodian children. Early Hum. Dev. 141, 104934 (2020).","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"22861_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E500","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10040500","volume":"10","author":"SV Som","year":"2018","unstructured":"Som, S. V. et al. Diets and feeding practices during the first 1000 days window in the Phnom Penh and North Eastern districts of Cambodia. Nutrients 10, E500 (2018).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"22861_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2011.09.011","volume":"40","author":"K Harttgen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harttgen, K. & Klasen, S. A household-based human development index. World Dev. 40, 878\u2013899 (2012).","journal-title":"World Dev."},{"key":"22861_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2011.09.014","volume":"88","author":"C Ngoun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ngoun, C., Stoey, L. S., van\u2019t Ende, K. & Kumar, V. Creating a Cambodia-specific developmental milestone screening tool\u2014A pilot study. Early Hum. Dev. 88, 379\u2013385 (2012).","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"22861_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kapusnak, T. A. The Accuracy of the Denver Ii Screening Test for Children Under Two Years of Age (1995)https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25669\/XESI-586K.","DOI":"10.25669\/XESI-586K"},{"key":"22861_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-052138","author":"JM Zubler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zubler, J. M. et al. Evidence-informed milestones for developmental surveillance tools. Pediatrics https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2021-052138 (2022).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"22861_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31389-7","volume":"389","author":"MM Black","year":"2017","unstructured":"Black, M. M. et al. Early childhood development coming of age: Science through the life course. Lancet 389, 77\u201390 (2017).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"22861_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-4-31","volume":"4","author":"BR Kar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kar, B. R., Rao, S. L. & Chandramouli, B. A. Cognitive development in children with chronic protein energy malnutrition. Behav. Brain Funct. 4, 31 (2008).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Funct."},{"key":"22861_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.215996","volume":"145","author":"CR Sudfeld","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sudfeld, C. R. et al. Malnutrition and its determinants are associated with suboptimal cognitive, communication, and motor development in Tanzanian children. J. Nutr. 145, 2705\u20132714 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"22861_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2816","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxab182","volume":"151","author":"PH Nguyen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nguyen, P. H. et al. Child linear growth during and after the first 1000 days is positively associated with intellectual functioning and mental health in school-age children in Vietnam. J. Nutr. 151, 2816\u20132824 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"22861_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711450999273X","volume":"103","author":"A Eilander","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eilander, A. et al. Undernutrition, fatty acid and micronutrient status in relation to cognitive performance in Indian school children: A cross-sectional study. Br. J. Nutr. 103, 1056\u20131064 (2010).","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"22861_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-018-0236-1","volume":"12","author":"AS Sanou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sanou, A. S. et al. Association between stunting and neuro-psychological outcomes among children in Burkina Faso, West Africa. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry Ment. Health 12, 30 (2018).","journal-title":"Child Adolesc. Psychiatry Ment. Health"},{"key":"22861_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e112605","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112605","volume":"9","author":"M Perignon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Perignon, M. et al. Stunting, poor iron status and parasite infection are significant risk factors for lower cognitive performance in Cambodian school-aged children. PLoS ONE 9, e112605 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"22861_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67574-5","volume":"366","author":"SP Walker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Walker, S. P., Chang, S. M., Powell, C. A. & Grantham-McGregor, S. M. Effects of early childhood psychosocial stimulation and nutritional supplementation on cognition and education in growth-stunted Jamaican children: Prospective cohort study. Lancet 366, 1804\u20131807 (2005).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"22861_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02254.x","volume":"100","author":"M Gandhi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gandhi, M. et al. Height gain during early childhood is an important predictor of schooling and mathematics ability outcomes: Height gain and cognitive outcomes. Acta Paediatr. 100, 1113\u20131118 (2011).","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"22861_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009268","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009268","volume":"6","author":"S Filteau","year":"2016","unstructured":"Filteau, S. et al. Associations of vitamin D status, bone health and anthropometry, with gross motor development and performance of school-aged Indian children who were born at term with low birth weight. BMJ Open 6, e009268 (2016).","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"22861_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.06.168","volume":"607\u2013608","author":"JJ Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee, J. J. et al. Anthropometric measures at birth and early childhood are associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes among Bangladeshi children aged 2\u20133 years. Sci. Total Environ. 607\u2013608, 475\u2013482 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"22861_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0251387","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251387","volume":"16","author":"RP Upadhyay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Upadhyay, R. P. et al. Factors determining cognitive, motor and language scores in low birth weight infants from North India. PLoS ONE 16, e0251387 (2021).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"22861_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1408-8","volume":"19","author":"RP Upadhyay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Upadhyay, R. P. et al. Cognitive and motor outcomes in children born low birth weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies from South Asia. BMC Pediatr. 19, 35 (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"key":"22861_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0227839","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227839","volume":"15","author":"MA Alam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alam, M. A. et al. Impact of early-onset persistent stunting on cognitive development at 5 years of age: Results from a multi-country cohort study. PLoS ONE 15, e0227839 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"22861_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2239S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/125.suppl_8.2239S","volume":"125","author":"KS Gorman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gorman, K. S. Malnutrition and cognitive development: Evidence from experimental\/quasi-experimental studies among the mild-to-moderately malnourished. J. Nutr. 125, 2239S-2244S (1995).","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"22861_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12684","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12684","volume":"14","author":"Y Kang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kang, Y., Aguayo, V. M., Campbell, R. K. & West, K. P. Association between stunting and early childhood development among children aged 36\u201359 months in South Asia. Matern. Child Nutr. 14, e12684 (2018).","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr."},{"key":"22861_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0233949","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233949","volume":"15","author":"N Khandelwal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khandelwal, N. et al. Determinants of motor, language, cognitive, and global developmental delay in children with complicated severe acute malnutrition at the time of discharge: An observational study from Central India. PLoS ONE 15, e0233949 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"22861_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy101","volume":"10","author":"JL Leroy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leroy, J. L. & Frongillo, E. A. Perspective: What does stunting really mean? A critical review of the evidence. Adv. Nutr. 10, 196\u2013204 (2019).","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"22861_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.2.649S","volume":"131","author":"S Grantham-McGregor","year":"2001","unstructured":"Grantham-McGregor, S. & Ani, C. A review of studies on the effect of iron deficiency on cognitive development in children. J. Nutr. 131, 649S-668S (2001).","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"22861_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8060348","volume":"8","author":"FT Wieringa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wieringa, F. T. et al. The high prevalence of anemia in Cambodian children and women cannot be satisfactorily explained by nutritional deficiencies or hemoglobin disorders. Nutrients 8, 348 (2016).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"22861_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135233","volume":"53","author":"RH Bradley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bradley, R. H. & Corwyn, R. F. Socioeconomic status and child development. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 53, 371\u2013399 (2002).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"22861_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aiman, S., Yusof, S. M., Kadir, Z. A. & Sabturani, N. The relationship between socioeconomic status and fine motor skills among six-year-old preschool children. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Colloquium on Sports Science, Exercise, Engineering and Technology 2015 (ICoSSEET 2015) (eds Ismail, S. I. et al.) 141\u2013148 (Springer, 2016) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-287-691-1_15.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-287-691-1_15"},{"key":"22861_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60076-2","volume":"369","author":"SP Walker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walker, S. P. et al. Child development: Risk factors for adverse outcomes in developing countries. Lancet 369, 145\u2013157 (2007).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"22861_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-019-02764-x","volume":"23","author":"P East","year":"2019","unstructured":"East, P. et al. Effect of infant iron deficiency on children\u2019s verbal abilities: The roles of child affect and parent unresponsiveness. Matern. Child Health J. 23, 1240\u20131250 (2019).","journal-title":"Matern. Child Health J."},{"key":"22861_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa071","volume":"112","author":"M Dineva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dineva, M., Fishpool, H., Rayman, M. P., Mendis, J. & Bath, S. C. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of iodine supplementation on thyroid function and child neurodevelopment in mildly-to-moderately iodine-deficient pregnant women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 112, 389\u2013412 (2020).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"22861_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12397","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12397","volume":"13","author":"Y Harel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harel, Y. et al. The effect of subclinical infantile thiamine deficiency on motor function in preschool children. Matern. Child Nutr. 13, e12397 (2017).","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr."},{"key":"22861_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13919","volume":"1430","author":"KC Whitfield","year":"2018","unstructured":"Whitfield, K. C. et al. Thiamine deficiency disorders: Diagnosis, prevalence, and a roadmap for global control programs. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1430, 3\u201343 (2018).","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"22861_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8040172","volume":"8","author":"A Laillou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Laillou, A. et al. Low urinary iodine concentration among mothers and children in Cambodia. Nutrients 8, 172 (2016).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"22861_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005814","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005814","volume":"11","author":"KC Whitfield","year":"2017","unstructured":"Whitfield, K. C. et al. High prevalence of thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency in early childhood among a nationally representative sample of Cambodian women of childbearing age and their children. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 11, e0005814 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"22861_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14610","volume":"1498","author":"JR Measelle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Measelle, J. R. et al. Thiamine supplementation holds neurocognitive benefits for breastfed infants during the first year of life. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1498, 116\u2013132 (2021).","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"22861_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/17.10.561","volume":"17","author":"CF Dosman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dosman, C. F., Andrews, D. & Goulden, K. J. Evidence-based milestone ages as a framework for developmental surveillance. Paediatr. Child Health 17, 561\u2013568 (2012).","journal-title":"Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"22861_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2006.tb02379.x","volume":"450","author":"WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group","year":"2006","unstructured":"WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. WHO Motor Development Study: Windows of achievement for six gross motor development milestones. Acta Paediatr. Suppl. 450, 86\u201395 (2006).","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr. Suppl."},{"key":"22861_CR55","unstructured":"Important Milestones: Your Baby by Two Months (CDC). https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/actearly\/milestones\/milestones-2mo.html."},{"key":"22861_CR56","volume-title":"Disabled Village Children, A Guide for Community Health Workers, Rehabilitation Workers, and Families","author":"D Werner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Werner, D. Disabled Village Children, A Guide for Community Health Workers, Rehabilitation Workers, and Families (The Hesperian Foundation, 2018)."},{"key":"22861_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12397","volume":"43","author":"T Velikonja","year":"2017","unstructured":"Velikonja, T. et al. The psychometric properties of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires for ages 2\u20132.5: A systematic review. Child Care Health Dev. 43, 1\u201317 (2017).","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev."},{"key":"22861_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2016.1216518","volume":"31","author":"PJ Anderson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anderson, P. J. & Burnett, A. Assessing developmental delay in early childhood\u2014Concerns with the Bayley-III scales. Clin. Neuropsychol. 31, 371\u2013381 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropsychol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-22861-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-22861-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-22861-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T09:28:25Z","timestamp":1701250105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-22861-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["22861"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-22861-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 May 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 October 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 October 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"17859"}}