{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:08:40Z","timestamp":1792681720288,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chinese Institute for Brain Research","award":["Z181100001518005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z181100001518005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyse the microlesion effect (MLE) in the globus pallidus interna (GPi) of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with Meige syndrome. Thirty-two patients with primary Meige syndrome who underwent GPi-DBS in this study. Burke\u2013Fahn\u2013Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale scores (BFMDRS-M) were obtained for the evaluation of clinical symptoms at 3\u00a0days before DBS (baseline), 24\u00a0h after DBS surgery, once weekly for 1\u00a0month until electrical stimulation, 6\u00a0months postoperatively and 12\u00a0months after surgery. Twenty-seven patients had MLE after GPi-DBS. The mean time of BFMDRS-M scores maximal improvement from MLE was 35.9\u00a0h postoperatively (range, 24\u201348\u00a0h), and the mean scores improved by 49.35\u2009\u00b1\u200918.16%. At 12\u00a0months after surgery, the mean BFMDRS-M scores improved by 50.28\u2009\u00b1\u200929.70%. There was a positive correlation between the magnitude of MLE and the motor score at 12\u00a0months after GPi-DBS (R2\u2009=\u20090.335, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). However, there was no correlation between the duration of MLE and DBS improvement. Most Meige syndrome patients who underwent GPi-DBS and had MLE benefited from MLE. For Meige syndrome, MLE might be a predictive factor for patient clinical symptom improvement from DBS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-23156-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T13:43:57Z","timestamp":1669038237000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Micro lesion effect of pallidal deep\u2011brain stimulation for meige syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6976-4568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"23156_CR1","first-page":"129","volume":"50","author":"RT Pikielny","year":"1990","unstructured":"Pikielny, R. T. et al. Treatment of blepharospasm with botulinum toxin. Medicina (B Aires) 50, 129\u2013134 (1990).","journal-title":"Medicina (B Aires)"},{"key":"23156_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150170116","volume":"248","author":"L Vercueil","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vercueil, L. et al. Deep brain stimulation in the treatment of severe dystonia. J. Neurol. 248, 695\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004150170116 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"23156_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00281.2015","volume":"115","author":"TM Herrington","year":"2016","unstructured":"Herrington, T. M., Cheng, J. J. & Eskandar, E. N. Mechanisms of deep brain stimulation. J. Neurophysiol. 115, 19\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00281.2015 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"23156_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.12.Jns16383","volume":"128","author":"S Zhan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhan, S. et al. Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in primary Meige syndrome. J. Neurosurg. 128, 897\u2013902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2016.12.Jns16383 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"23156_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13174","volume":"24","author":"J Ouyang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ouyang, J. et al. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in primary meige syndrome: A 1-year follow-up study. Neuromodulation J. Int. Neuromodulation Soc. 24, 293\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ner.13174 (2021).","journal-title":"Neuromodulation J. Int. Neuromodulation Soc."},{"key":"23156_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-323701","volume":"91","author":"Q Hao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hao, Q. et al. Pallidal deep brain stimulation in primary Meige syndrome: Clinical outcomes and psychiatric features. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 91, 1343\u20131348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2020-323701 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"23156_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14533","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71479-9","volume":"10","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, J. et al. Grey matter changes in Meige syndrome: A voxel-based morphology analysis. Sci. Rep. 10, 14533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-71479-9 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"23156_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.10.Jns091032","volume":"112","author":"S Derrey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Derrey, S. et al. Alleviation of off-period dystonia in Parkinson disease by a microlesion following subthalamic implantation. J. Neurosurg. 112, 1263\u20131266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2009.10.Jns091032 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"23156_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.5137\/1019-5149.Jtn.24348-18.3","volume":"29","author":"D Aygun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aygun, D., Dere, U. A., Yildiz, O., Temel, Y. & Kocabicak, E. Characterizing the intraoperative microelectrode recording-induced microlesion effect on motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease undergoing deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. Turk. Neurosurg. 29, 430\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5137\/1019-5149.Jtn.24348-18.3 (2019).","journal-title":"Turk. Neurosurg."},{"key":"23156_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1159\/000504861","volume":"97","author":"H Tian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tian, H. et al. Long-term efficacy of deep brain stimulation of bilateral globus pallidus internus in primary meige syndrome. Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg. 97, 356\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000504861 (2019).","journal-title":"Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg."},{"key":"23156_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22054","volume":"23","author":"D Malt\u00eate","year":"2008","unstructured":"Malt\u00eate, D. et al. Microsubthalamotomy: An immediate predictor of long-term subthalamic stimulation efficacy in Parkinson disease. Mov. Disord. Off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc. 23, 1047\u20131050. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.22054 (2008).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc."},{"key":"23156_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1159\/000342161","volume":"91","author":"T Tykocki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tykocki, T., Nauman, P., Koziara, H. & Mandat, T. Microlesion effect as a predictor of the effectiveness of subthalamic deep brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg. 91, 12\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000342161 (2013).","journal-title":"Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg."},{"key":"23156_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8742","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88384-4","volume":"11","author":"J Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, J. et al. Pallidal versus subthalamic deep-brain stimulation for meige syndrome: A retrospective study. Sci. Rep. 11, 8742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-88384-4 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"23156_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22954","volume":"25","author":"JC Martinez-Castrillo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Martinez-Castrillo, J. C., Mariscal, A. & Garcia-Ruiz, P. Ancient representation of Meige\u2019s syndrome in the Moche culture in the pre-Columbian Peru. Mov. Disord. 25, 405\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.22954 (2010).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"23156_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6075-0","volume":"258","author":"N Limotai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Limotai, N. et al. Mixed results for GPi-DBS in the treatment of cranio-facial and cranio-cervical dystonia symptoms. J. Neurol. 258, 2069\u20132074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-011-6075-0 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"23156_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2010.11.013","volume":"17","author":"W Sako","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sako, W. et al. Bilateral pallidal deep brain stimulation in primary Meige syndrome. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 17, 123\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2010.11.013 (2011).","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"23156_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.7.JNS17323","volume":"130","author":"S Horisawa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Horisawa, S. et al. Long-term outcome of pallidal stimulation for Meige syndrome. J. Neurosurg. 130, 84\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2017.7.JNS17323 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"23156_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.11477\/mf.1436204451","volume":"49","author":"H Iwamuro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iwamuro, H. Micro-electrode recordings in stereotactic functional neurosurgery. No Shinkei Geka 49, 737\u2013745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11477\/mf.1436204451 (2021).","journal-title":"No Shinkei Geka"},{"issue":"Suppl 14","key":"23156_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S219","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20957","volume":"21","author":"G Deuschl","year":"2006","unstructured":"Deuschl, G. et al. Deep brain stimulation: Postoperative issues. Mov. Disord. Off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc. 21(Suppl 14), S219-237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.20957 (2006).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc."},{"key":"23156_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22641","volume":"24","author":"MG Cersosimo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cersosimo, M. G. et al. Micro lesion effect of the globus pallidus internus and outcome with deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson disease and dystonia. Mov. Disord. 24, 1488\u20131493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.22641 (2009).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"23156_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.7.Jns09150","volume":"112","author":"T Morishita","year":"2010","unstructured":"Morishita, T. et al. Brain penetration effects of microelectrodes and deep brain stimulation leads in ventral intermediate nucleus stimulation for essential tremor. J. Neurosurg. 112, 491\u2013496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2009.7.Jns09150 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"23156_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049056","volume":"7","author":"R Jech","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jech, R. et al. The subthalamic microlesion story in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Electrode insertion-related motor improvement with relative cortico-subcortical hypoactivation in fMRI. PLoS ONE 7, e49056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0049056 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"23156_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200009)48:3<372::AID-ANA12>3.0.CO;2-0","volume":"48","author":"C Haberler","year":"2000","unstructured":"Haberler, C. et al. No tissue damage by chronic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann. Neurol. 48, 372\u2013376 (2000).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"23156_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9007-8_18","volume":"1919","author":"S Song","year":"2019","unstructured":"Song, S., Kong, X. & Sanchez-Ramos, J. Method for stimulation of hippocampal neurogenesis by transient microneedle insertion. Methods Mol. Biol. (Clifton, N.J.) 1919, 227\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-9007-8_18 (2019).","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol. (Clifton, N.J.)"},{"key":"23156_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.049","volume":"125","author":"MM Chakravarty","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chakravarty, M. M. et al. Deep brain stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex causes reorganization of neuronal processes and vasculature. Neuroimage 125, 422\u2013427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.049 (2016).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"23156_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-017-3271-4","volume":"159","author":"Y Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. Micro lesion effect of the globus pallidus internus with deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. Acta Neurochir. 159, 1727\u20131731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-017-3271-4 (2017).","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"23156_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.12.Jns08991","volume":"110","author":"M Pourfar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pourfar, M. et al. Assessing the microlesion effect of subthalamic deep brain stimulation surgery with FDG PET. J. Neurosurg. 110, 1278\u20131282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2008.12.Jns08991 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"23156_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(85)90012-1","volume":"29","author":"ME Faulstich","year":"1985","unstructured":"Faulstich, M. E., Carnrike, C. L. Jr. & Williamson, D. A. Blepharospasm and Meige syndrome: A review of diagnostic, aetiological and treatment approaches. J. Psychosom. Res. 29, 89\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3999(85)90012-1 (1985).","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"23156_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2009.04.006","volume":"15","author":"MS LeDoux","year":"2009","unstructured":"LeDoux, M. S. Meige syndrome: What\u2019s in a name?. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 15, 483\u2013489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2009.04.006 (2009).","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"23156_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13174","author":"J Ouyang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ouyang, J. et al. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in primary meige syndrome: A 1-year follow-up study. Neuromodulation https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ner.13174 (2020).","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"23156_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.35.1.73","volume":"35","author":"RE Burke","year":"1985","unstructured":"Burke, R. E. et al. Validity and reliability of a rating scale for the primary torsion dystonias. Neurology 35, 73\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.35.1.73 (1985).","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23156-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23156-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23156-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T13:46:09Z","timestamp":1669038369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-23156-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["23156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-23156-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 April 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 October 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 November 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"19980"}}