{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:00:23Z","timestamp":1791910823347,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006132","name":"DOE | Office of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-SC0022150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0022150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006132","name":"DOE | Office of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-SC0022150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0022150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006132","name":"DOE | Office of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-SC0022150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0022150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Touch-like phantom limb sensations can be elicited through targeted transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (tTENS) in individuals with upper limb amputation. The corresponding impact of sensory stimulation on cortical activity remains an open question. Brain network research shows that sensorimotor cortical activity is supported by dynamic changes in functional connections between relevant brain regions. These groups of interconnected regions are functional modules whose architecture enables specialized function and related neural processing supporting individual task needs. Using electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to analyze modular functional connectivity, we investigated changes in the modular architecture of cortical large-scale systems when participants with upper limb amputations performed phantom hand movements before, during, and after they received tTENS. We discovered that tTENS substantially decreased the flexibility of the default mode network (DMN). Furthermore, we found increased interconnectivity (measured by a graph theoretic integration metric) between the DMN, the somatomotor network (SMN) and the visual network (VN) in the individual with extensive tTENS experience. While for individuals with less tTENS experience, we found increased integration between DMN and the attention network. Our results provide insights into how sensory stimulation promotes cortical processing of combined somatosensory and visual inputs and help develop future tools to evaluate sensory combination for individuals with amputations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24368-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T10:02:33Z","timestamp":1669629753000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sensory stimulation for upper limb amputations modulates adaptability of cortical large-scale systems and combination of somatosensory and visual inputs"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0680-673X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keqin","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunru","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Bose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke E.","family":"Osborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"Dragomir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9981-9395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nitish V.","family":"Thakor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"24368_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1080\/17483100701714733","volume":"2","author":"E Biddiss","year":"2007","unstructured":"Biddiss, E., Beaton, D. & Chau, T. Consumer design priorities for upper limb prosthetics. Disabil. Rehabil. Assist. Technol. 2, 346\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17483100701714733 (2007).","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil. Assist. Technol."},{"key":"24368_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/13\/1\/016001","volume":"13","author":"M Schiefer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schiefer, M., Tan, D., Sidek, S. M. & Tyler, D. J. Sensory feedback by peripheral nerve stimulation improves task performance in individuals with upper limb loss using a myoelectric prosthesis. J. Neural Eng. 13, 016001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1741-2560\/13\/1\/016001 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"24368_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26952-x","author":"EL Graczyk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Graczyk, E. L., Resnik, L., Schiefer, M. A., Schmitt, M. S. & Tyler, D. J. Home use of a neural-connected sensory prosthesis provides the functional and psychosocial experience of having a hand again. Sci. Rep.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-26952-x (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"24368_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaax2352","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aax2352","volume":"4","author":"JA George","year":"2019","unstructured":"George, J. A. et al. Biomimetic sensory feedback through peripheral nerve stimulation improves dexterous use of a bionic hand. Sci. Robot. 4, eaax2352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scirobotics.aax2352 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Robot."},{"key":"24368_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/abb861","volume":"17","author":"LE Osborn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Osborn, L. E. et al. Sensory stimulation enhances phantom limb perception and movement decoding. J. Neural Eng. 17, 056006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/abb861 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"24368_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318570","volume":"90","author":"G Rognini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rognini, G. et al. Multisensory bionic limb to achieve prosthesis embodiment and reduce distorted phantom limb perceptions. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 90, 833\u2013836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318570 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"24368_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7916","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43815-1","volume":"9","author":"G Risso","year":"2019","unstructured":"Risso, G. et al. Optimal integration of intraneural somatosensory feedback with visual information: A single-case study. Sci. Rep. 9, 7916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-43815-1 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"24368_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104129","volume":"25","author":"G Risso","year":"2022","unstructured":"Risso, G. et al. Multisensory stimulation decreases phantom limb distortions and is optimally integrated. iScience 25, 104129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104129 (2022).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"24368_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.033","volume":"100","author":"G Valle","year":"2018","unstructured":"Valle, G. et al. Biomimetic intraneural sensory feedback enhances sensation naturalness, tactile sensitivity, and manual dexterity in a bidirectional prosthesis. Neuron 100, 37-45.e7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.033 (2018).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"24368_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00352","author":"DM Page","year":"2018","unstructured":"Page, D. M. et al. Motor control and sensory feedback enhance prosthesis embodiment and reduce phantom pain after long-term hand amputation. Front. Hum. Neurosci.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00352 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"24368_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.09148","volume":"5","author":"CM Oddo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oddo, C. M. et al. Intraneural stimulation elicits discrimination of textural features by artificial fingertip in intact and amputee humans. Elife 5, e09148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.09148 (2016).","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"24368_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10930","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11306-w","volume":"7","author":"E D\u2019Anna","year":"2017","unstructured":"D\u2019Anna, E. et al. A somatotopic bidirectional hand prosthesis with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation based sensory feedback. Sci. Rep. 7, 10930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-11306-w (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"24368_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.02.138","volume":"129","author":"G Granata","year":"2018","unstructured":"Granata, G. et al. Phantom somatosensory evoked potentials following selective intraneural electrical stimulation in two amputees. Clin. Neurophysiol. 129, 1117\u20131120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.02.138 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"24368_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55591-z","volume":"9","author":"I Strauss","year":"2019","unstructured":"Strauss, I. et al. Characterization of multi-channel intraneural stimulation in transradial amputees. Sci. Rep. 9, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-55591-z (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"24368_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.03.006","volume":"17","author":"AK Engel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Engel, A. K., Maye, A., Kurthen, M. & K\u00f6nig, P. Where\u2019s the action? The pragmatic turn in cognitive science. Trends Cogn. Sci. 17, 202\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2013.03.006 (2013).","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"24368_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04757-8","volume":"7","author":"A Melnik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Melnik, A., Hairston, W. D., Ferris, D. P. & K\u00f6nig, P. EEG correlates of sensorimotor processing: Independent components involved in sensory and motor processing. Sci. Rep. 7, 4461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-04757-8 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"24368_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab882d","volume":"17","author":"K Ding","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ding, K. et al. Towards machine to brain interfaces: Sensory stimulation enhances sensorimotor dynamic functional connectivity in upper limb amputees. J. Neural Eng. 17, 035002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab882d (2020).","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"24368_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ding, K. et al. Sensory stimulation enhances functional connectivity towards the somatosensory cortex in upper limb amputation. In 2021 10th International IEEE\/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER), 226\u2013229, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/NER49283.2021.9441295 (2021).","DOI":"10.1109\/NER49283.2021.9441295"},{"key":"24368_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.02.067","volume":"114","author":"TR Makin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Makin, T. R. et al. Network-level reorganisation of functional connectivity following arm amputation. Neuroimage 114, 217\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.02.067 (2015).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"24368_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.01.008","volume":"14","author":"ME Raichle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Raichle, M. E. Two views of brain function. Trends Cogn. Sci. 14, 180\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2010.01.008 (2010).","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"24368_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12788","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1204185109","volume":"109","author":"A Fornito","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fornito, A., Harrison, B. J., Zalesky, A. & Simons, J. S. Competitive and cooperative dynamics of large-scale brain functional networks supporting recollection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 109, 12788\u201312793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1204185109 (2012).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"24368_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.05.014","volume":"83","author":"M Cole","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cole, M., Bassett, D., Power, J., Braver, T. & Petersen, S. Intrinsic and Task-Evoked Network Architectures of the Human Brain. Neuron 83, 238\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.05.014 (2014).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"24368_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-071013-014030","volume":"38","author":"ME Raichle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raichle, M. E. The Brain\u2019s Default Mode Network. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 38, 433\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-neuro-071013-014030 (2015).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"24368_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-020-00420-w","volume":"22","author":"Y Yeshurun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yeshurun, Y., Nguyen, M. & Hasson, U. The default mode network: Where the idiosyncratic self meets the shared social world. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 22, 181\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41583-020-00420-w (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"24368_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00474-4","volume":"22","author":"J Smallwood","year":"2021","unstructured":"Smallwood, J. et al. The default mode network in cognition: A topographical perspective. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 22, 503\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41583-021-00474-4 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"24368_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7641","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1018985108","volume":"108","author":"DS Bassett","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bassett, D. S. et al. Dynamic reconfiguration of human brain networks during learning. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108, 7641\u20137646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1018985108 (2011).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"24368_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3214","volume":"13","author":"E Bullmore","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bullmore, E. & Sporns, O. The economy of brain network organization. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 13, 336\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn3214 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"24368_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2012.11.015","volume":"23","author":"O Sporns","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sporns, O. Network attributes for segregation and integration in the human brain. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 23, 162\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conb.2012.11.015 (2013).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"24368_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122414-033634","volume":"67","author":"O Sporns","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sporns, O. & Betzel, R. F. Modular brain networks. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 67, 613\u2013640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-psych-122414-033634 (2016).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"24368_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00536-0","volume":"32","author":"L Battelli","year":"2001","unstructured":"Battelli, L. et al. Unilateral right parietal damage leads to bilateral deficit for high-level motion. Neuron 32, 985\u2013995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00536-0 (2001).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"24368_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.12.006","volume":"18","author":"E Fedorenko","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fedorenko, E. & Thompson-Schill, S. L. Reworking the language network. Trends Cogn. Sci. 18, 120\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2013.12.006 (2014).","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"24368_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13217","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13217","volume":"7","author":"H Mohr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mohr, H. et al. Integration and segregation of large-scale brain networks during short-term task automatization. Nat. Commun. 7, 13217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms13217 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"24368_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004533","volume":"11","author":"MG Mattar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mattar, M. G., Cole, M. W., Thompson-Schill, S. L. & Bassett, D. S. A functional cartography of cognitive systems. PLoS Comput. Biol. 11, e1004533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004533 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"24368_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3768","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2011.0081","volume":"369","author":"RD Pascual-Marqui","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pascual-Marqui, R. D. et al. Assessing interactions in the brain with exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 369, 3768\u20133784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsta.2011.0081 (2011).","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"24368_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3993","volume":"18","author":"DS Bassett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bassett, D. S., Yang, M., Wymbs, N. F. & Grafton, S. T. Learning-induced autonomy of sensorimotor systems. Nat. Neurosci. 18, 744\u2013751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.3993 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"24368_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/35094500","volume":"2","author":"DA Gusnard","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gusnard, D. A. & Raichle, M. E. Searching for a baseline: Functional imaging and the resting human brain. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2, 685\u2013694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/35094500 (2001).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"24368_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1440.011","volume":"1124","author":"RL Buckner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Buckner, R. L., Andrews-Hanna, J. R. & Schacter, D. L. The brain\u2019s default network. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1124, 1\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1440.011 (2008).","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"24368_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12574","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1608282113","volume":"113","author":"DS Margulies","year":"2016","unstructured":"Margulies, D. S. et al. Situating the default-mode network along a principal gradient of macroscale cortical organization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 113, 12574\u201312579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1608282113 (2016).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"24368_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.02.002","volume":"8","author":"MO Ernst","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ernst, M. O. & B\u00fclthoff, H. H. Merging the senses into a robust percept. Trends Cogn. Sci. 8, 162\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2004.02.002 (2004).","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"24368_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Osborn, L. et\u00a0al. Targeted transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for phantom limb sensory feedback. In 2017 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), 1\u20134, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/BIOCAS.2017.8325200 (2017).","DOI":"10.1109\/BIOCAS.2017.8325200"},{"key":"24368_CR41","first-page":"366","volume":"31","author":"AD Ravitz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ravitz, A. D. et al. Revolutionizing Prosthetics-Phase 3. J. Hopkins APL Tech. Dig. 31, 366\u2013376 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Hopkins APL Tech. Dig."},{"key":"24368_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","volume":"134","author":"A Delorme","year":"2004","unstructured":"Delorme, A. & Makeig, S. EEGLAB: An open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. J. Neurosci. Methods 134, 9\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"24368_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978","volume":"15","author":"N Tzourio-Mazoyer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tzourio-Mazoyer, N. et al. Automated anatomical labeling of activations in spm using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the mni mri single-subject brain. Neuroimage 15, 273\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978 (2002).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"24368_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858413494269","volume":"20","author":"S Vossel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vossel, S., Geng, J. J. & Fink, G. R. Dorsal and ventral attention systems. Neuroscientist 20, 150\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073858413494269 (2013).","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"24368_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2008.01.001","volume":"12","author":"NU Dosenbach","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dosenbach, N. U., Fair, D. A., Cohen, A. L., Schlaggar, B. L. & Petersen, S. E. A dual-networks architecture of top-down control. Trends Cogn. Sci. 12, 99\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2008.01.001 (2008).","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"24368_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4230","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1013361108","volume":"108","author":"T Higo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Higo, T., Mars, R. B., Boorman, E. D., Buch, E. R. & Rushworth, M. F. S. Distributed and causal influence of frontal operculum in task control. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108, 4230\u20134235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1013361108 (2011).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"24368_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-010-0262-0","volume":"214","author":"V Menon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Menon, V. & Uddin, L. Q. Saliency, switching, attention and control: A network model of insula function. Brain Struct. Funct. 214, 655\u2013667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00429-010-0262-0 (2010).","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"24368_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858412440596","volume":"19","author":"ML Seghier","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seghier, M. L. The angular gyrus: Multiple functions and multiple subdivisions. Neuroscientist 19, 43\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073858412440596 (2012).","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"24368_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.01.055","volume":"55","author":"M Vinck","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vinck, M., Oostenveld, R., Wingerden, M. V., Battaglia, F. & Pennartz, C. M. An improved index of phase-synchronization for electrophysiological data in the presence of volume-conduction, noise and sample-size bias. Neuroimage 55, 1548\u20131565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.01.055 (2011).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"24368_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1184819","volume":"328","author":"PJ Mucha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mucha, P. J., Richardson, T., Macon, K., Porter, M. A. & Onnela, J.-P. Community structure in time-dependent, multiscale, and multiplex networks. Science 328, 876\u2013878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1184819 (2010).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"24368_CR51","unstructured":"Jeub, L. G.\u00a0S., Bazzi, M., Jutla, I.\u00a0S. & Mucha, P.\u00a0J. A generalized louvain method for community detection implemented in MATLAB. https:\/\/github.com\/GenLouvain\/GenLouvain (2019)."},{"key":"24368_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11678","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1422487112","volume":"112","author":"U Braun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Braun, U. et al. Dynamic reconfiguration of frontal brain networks during executive cognition in humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 112, 11678\u201311683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1422487112 (2015).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"24368_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.12.093","volume":"171","author":"PG Reddy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reddy, P. G. et al. Brain state flexibility accompanies motor-skill acquisition. Neuroimage 171, 135\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.12.093 (2018).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"24368_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3528","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24192","volume":"39","author":"F Taya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taya, F. et al. Fronto-parietal subnetworks flexibility compensates for cognitive decline due to mental fatigue. Hum. Brain Mapp. 39, 3528\u20133545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.24192 (2018).","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"24368_CR55","unstructured":"Cohen, J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, 2 edn (Routledge, 1988)."},{"key":"24368_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03193146","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G. & Buchner, A. G*power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav. Res. Methods 39, 175\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/bf03193146 (2007).","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-24368-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-24368-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-24368-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T15:05:33Z","timestamp":1669907133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-24368-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["24368"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-24368-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 May 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 November 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"N.V.T. is a co-founder of Infinite Biomedical Technologies, Baltimore, MD, USA. This relationship has been disclosed and is managed by Johns Hopkins University. All other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"20467"}}