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The primary objective of this pilot study was to compare the neurological outcomes (motor, tactile, nociception, proprioception, and vibration) in both an intensive assisted locomotion training (LOC) and a neurorehabilitation protocol integrating assisted locomotion with a noninvasive brain\u2013machine interface (L\u2009+\u2009BMI), virtual reality, and tactile feedback. We also investigated whether individuals with chronic-complete SCI could learn to perform leg motor imagery. We ran a parallel two-arm randomized pilot study; the experiments took place in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. Eight adults sensorimotor-complete (AIS A) (all male) with chronic (&gt;\u20096\u00a0months) traumatic spinal SCI participated in the protocol that was organized in two blocks of 14\u00a0weeks of training and an 8-week follow-up. The participants were allocated to either the LOC group (n\u2009=\u20094) or L\u2009+\u2009BMI group (n\u2009=\u20094) using block randomization (blinded outcome assessment). We show three important results: (<jats:bold>i<\/jats:bold>) locomotion training alone can induce some level of neurological recovery in sensorimotor-complete SCI, and (<jats:bold>ii<\/jats:bold>) the recovery rate is enhanced when such locomotion training is associated with BMI and tactile feedback (<jats:italic>\u2206<\/jats:italic>Mean Lower Extremity Motor score improvement for LOC\u2009=\u2009\u2009+\u20092.5, L\u2009+\u2009B\u2009=\u2009\u2009+\u20093.5; <jats:italic>\u2206<\/jats:italic>Pinprick score: LOC\u2009=\u2009\u2009+\u20093.75, L\u2009+\u2009B\u2009=\u2009\u2009+\u20094.75 and <jats:italic>\u2206<\/jats:italic>Tactile score LOC\u2009=\u2009\u2009+\u20094.75, L\u2009+\u2009B\u2009=\u2009\u2009+\u20099.5). (<jats:bold>iii<\/jats:bold>) Furthermore, we report that the BMI classifier accuracy was significantly above the chance level for all participants in L\u2009+\u2009B group. Our study shows potential for sensory and motor improvement in individuals with chronic complete SCI following a protocol with BMIs and locomotion therapy. We report no dropouts nor adverse events in both subgroups participating in the study, opening the possibility for a more definitive clinical trial with a larger cohort of people with SCI.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Trial registration<\/jats:italic>: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br\/\">http:\/\/www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br\/<\/jats:ext-link> identifier RBR-2pb8gq.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24864-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T11:03:12Z","timestamp":1669719792000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Training with noninvasive brain\u2013machine interface, tactile feedback, and locomotion to enhance neurological recovery in individuals with complete paraplegia: a randomized pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Miguel A. 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