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Based on these data, thermal necrosis should be used for implant removal in the subsequent in vivo study. Rat tibiae of 48 animals at one site were randomly treated with heat or cold before implant insertion. Temperatures of 4\u00a0\u00b0C, 3\u00a0\u00b0C, 2\u00a0\u00b0C, 48\u00a0\u00b0C, 49\u00a0\u00b0C and 50\u00a0\u00b0C for a tempering time of 1\u00a0min were evaluated. Numerical simulations of the heat source-implant-bone system were carried out. Effects were assessed by histomorphometrical measurements. The results showed that the selected method of direct tempering using a tempering pin was suitable for maintaining a uniform layer around the pin. Starting at warm temperatures of 48\u00a0\u00b0C and rising to 50\u00a0\u00b0C, the BIC ratio revealed declining values and a significant difference was observed when comparing 50\u00a0\u00b0C to the control group (p\u2009=\u20090.03). However, there were no significant variations within the cold temperatures. This study pinpointed temperature discovered that could lead to the thermo-explantation and so that the number of samples used in future studies on temperature-induced bone necrosis can be reduced to a minimum. Significant BIC value reduction was seen at a temperature of 50\u00a0\u00b0C for 1\u00a0min.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25581-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T12:03:43Z","timestamp":1671797023000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of thermal osteonecrosis around implants in the rat tibia: numerical and histomorphometric results in context of implant removal"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kristian","family":"Kniha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benita","family":"Hermanns-Sachweh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faruk","family":"Al-Sibai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhold","family":"Kneer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan Christian","family":"M\u00f6hlhenrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"Heitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"H\u00f6lzle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Modabber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"25581_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"16","author":"PI Branemark","year":"1977","unstructured":"Branemark, P. 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