{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T02:03:24Z","timestamp":1790561004580,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670889600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evidence relative to facial emotion recognition and the role played by alexithymia in fibromyalgia syndrome is rare and heterogeneous. In this work, we investigated this ability in fibromyalgia investigating the implicit behaviour in the facial emotion recognition task, focusing on fear and anger. Twenty women with fibromyalgia and twenty healthy women as controls performed a facial emotion recognition of fearful and angry expressions. Their implicit behaviour was scored in accordance with the redundant target effect. The level of alexithymic traits through a standard psychological questionnaire and its effect on behavioral performance were also assessed. Participants affected by fibromyalgia reported a lower level of accuracy in recognizing fearful and angry expressions, in comparison with the controls. Crucially, such a difference was not explained by the different levels of alexithymic traits between groups. Our results agreed with some previous evidence suggesting an altered recognition of others\u2019 emotional facial expressions in fibromyalgia syndrome. Considering the role of emotion recognition on social cognition and psychological well-being in fibromyalgia, we underlined the crucial role of emotional difficulties in the onset and maintenance of the symptoms life-span.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25824-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T11:04:24Z","timestamp":1670929464000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Altered recognition of fearful and angry facial expressions in women with fibromyalgia syndrome: an experimental case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4326-1596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Scarpina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ada","family":"Ghiggia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Vaioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Varallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3719-8789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Capodaglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Arreghini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Castelnuovo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Mauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorys","family":"Castelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"25824_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3390\/neurosci2040025","volume":"2","author":"G Vaioli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vaioli, G. & Scarpina, F. Facial emotion recognition in obesity and in fibromyalgia: A systematic review. NeuroSci. 2(4), 339\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/neurosci2040025 (2021).","journal-title":"NeuroSci."},{"issue":"1","key":"25824_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0116542","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116542","volume":"10","author":"M Di Tella","year":"2015","unstructured":"Di Tella, M. et al. Theory of mind and emotional functioning in fibromyalgia syndrome: An investigation of the relationship between social cognition and executive function. PLoS ONE 10(1), e0116542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0116542 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"25824_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab024","volume":"22","author":"M Ladr\u00f3n","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ladr\u00f3n, M., de Guevara, C., Reyes del Paso, G. A., Fern\u00e1ndez-Serrano, M. J. & Duschek, S. Facial emotion recognition and executive functions in fibromyalgia. Pain Med. 22(7), 1619\u20131629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnab024 (2021).","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"25824_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1080\/08964289.2013.818932","volume":"39","author":"S Wei\u00df","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wei\u00df, S., Winkelmann, A. & Duschek, S. Recognition of facially expressed emotions in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. J. Behav. Med. 39, 146\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08964289.2013.818932 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Behav. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"25824_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2020.01.012","volume":"61","author":"E Axelsson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Axelsson, E., Hedman-Lagerl\u00f6f, M., Hedman-Lagerl\u00f6f, E., Lj\u00f3tsson, B. & Andersson, E. Symptom preoccupation in fibromyalgia: Prevalence and correlates of somatic symptom disorder in a self-recruited sample. Psychosomatics 61(3), 268\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psym.2020.01.012 (2020).","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"25824_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.08.012","volume":"46","author":"F Wolfe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wolfe, F. et al. Revisions to the 2010\/2011 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria. Semin. Arthr. Rheum. 46, 319\u2013329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.08.012 (2016).","journal-title":"Semin. Arthr. Rheum."},{"key":"25824_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(00)00202-6","volume":"11","author":"R Adolphs","year":"2001","unstructured":"Adolphs, R. The neurobiology of social cognition. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 11, 231\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0959-4388(00)00202-6 (2001).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"25824_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn894","volume":"3","author":"AD Craig","year":"2002","unstructured":"Craig, A. D. How do you feel? Interoception: The sense of the physiological condition of the body. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 3(8), 655\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn894 (2002).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"25824_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181a32da","volume":"71","author":"M Burgmer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Burgmer, M. et al. Decreased gray matter volumes in the cingulo-frontal cortex and the amygdala in patients with fibromyalgia. Psychosom. Med. 71(5), 566\u2013573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181a32da (2009).","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"25824_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-020-00206-z","volume":"9","author":"FJ Hsiao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hsiao, F. J. et al. Neuromagnetic amygdala response to pain-related fear as a brain signature of fibromyalgia. Pain Ther. 9(2), 765\u2013781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40122-020-00206-z (2020).","journal-title":"Pain Ther."},{"key":"25824_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-020-00705-2","volume":"14","author":"J Kong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kong, J. et al. Altered functional connectivity between hypothalamus and limbic system in fibromyalgia. Mol. Brain. 14, 17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13041-020-00705-2 (2021).","journal-title":"Mol. Brain."},{"key":"25824_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147333","volume":"1758","author":"LR Fischer-Jbali","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fischer-Jbali, L. R., Montoro, C. I., Montoya, P., Halder, W. & Duschek, S. Central nervous activity during implicit processing of emotional face expressions in fibromyalgia syndrome. Brain Res. 1758, 147333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147333 (2021).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"25824_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00377","volume":"9","author":"CM Galvez-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Galvez-S\u00e1nchez, C. M., Reyes del Paso, G. A. & Duschek, S. Cognitive impairments in fibromyalgia syndrome: Associations with positive and negative affect, alexithymia, pain catastrophizing and self-esteem. Frontier Psychol. 9, 377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00377 (2018).","journal-title":"Frontier Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"25824_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.09.011","volume":"11","author":"D Ruiz-Aranda","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ruiz-Aranda, D., Salguero, J. M. & Fernandez-Berrocal, P. Emotional regulation and acute pain perception in women. J. Pain 11(6), 564\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.09.011 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"25824_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12021","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182212021","volume":"18","author":"MJ Array\u00e1s-Grajera","year":"2021","unstructured":"Array\u00e1s-Grajera, M. J. et al. Fibromyalgia: Evidence for deficits in positive psychology resources a case-control study from the Al-\u00c1ndalus project. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 18, 12021 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health."},{"key":"25824_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205510291772433","DOI":"10.1177\/2055102917724336","volume":"4","author":"SC Ashe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ashe, S. C., Furness, P. J., Taylor, S. J., Haywood-Small, S. & Lawson, K. A qualitative exploration of the experiences of living with and being treated for fibromyalgia. Health Psychol. Open. 4, 2055102917724336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2055102917724336 (2017).","journal-title":"Health Psychol. Open."},{"key":"25824_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1039","volume":"11","author":"DA Marcus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marcus, D. A., Richards, K. L., Chambers, J. F. & Bhowmick, A. Fibromyalgia family and relationship impact exploratory survey. Musculoskel. Care. 11, 125\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/msc.1039 (2013).","journal-title":"Musculoskel. Care."},{"key":"25824_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12405","volume":"59","author":"M Di Tella","year":"2018","unstructured":"Di Tella, M. et al. Coping strategies and perceived social support in fibromyalgia syndrome: Relationship with alexithymia. Scand. J. Psychol. 59, 167\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sjop.12405 (2018).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Psychol."},{"key":"25824_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00440","volume":"11","author":"MC Terol Cantero","year":"2020","unstructured":"Terol Cantero, M. C., Buunk, A. P., Cabrera, V., Bernab\u00e9, M. & Martin-Arag\u00f3n Gelabert, M. Profiles of women with fibromyalgia and social comparison processes. Front. Psychol. 11, 440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00440 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"11","key":"25824_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105319890916","volume":"26","author":"O Luque-Reca","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luque-Reca, O. et al. Emotional intelligence impairments in women with fibromyalgia: Associations with widespread pain. J. Health Psychol. 26(11), 1901\u20131912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1359105319890916 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"25824_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-001-0012-7","volume":"3","author":"KK Anthony","year":"2001","unstructured":"Anthony, K. K. & Schanberg, L. E. Juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome. Curr. Rheumatol. Rep. 3(2), 165\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11926-001-0012-7 (2001).","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"25824_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.177","volume":"10","author":"S Kashikar-Zuck","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kashikar-Zuck, S. & Ting, T. V. Juvenile fibromyalgia: Current status of research and future developments. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 10(2), 89\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.177 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"25824_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00494","volume":"9","author":"F Scarpina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Scarpina, F. et al. Explicit and implicit components of the emotional processing in non-organic vision loss: Behavioral evidence about the role of fear in functional blindness. Front. Psychol. 9, 494 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"25824_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-020-01010-6","volume":"26","author":"F Scarpina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scarpina, F. et al. Implicit facial emotion recognition of fear and anger in obesity. Eat. Weight Disord. 26(4), 1243\u20131251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-020-01010-6 (2021).","journal-title":"Eat. Weight Disord."},{"key":"25824_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1162\/089892998562663","volume":"10","author":"C Miniussi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Miniussi, C., Girelli, M. & Marzi, C. A. Neural site of the redundant target effect: Electrophysiological evidence. J. Cognit. Neurosci. 10, 216\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/089892998562663 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Cognit. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"25824_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.08.012","volume":"45","author":"M Tamietto","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tamietto, M., Adenzato, M., Geminiani, G. & de Gelder, B. Fast recognition of social emotions takes the whole brain: Interhemispheric cooperation in the absence of cerebral asymmetry. Neuropsychologia 45(4), 836\u2013843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.08.012 (2007).","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"25824_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-0279-4","volume":"171","author":"M Tamietto","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tamietto, M., Corazzini, L. L., de Gelder, B. & Geminiani, G. Functional asymmetry and interhemispheric cooperation in the perception of emotions from facial expressions. Exp. Brain Res. 171(3), 389\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-005-0279-4 (2006).","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"25824_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.02029","volume":"7","author":"M Diano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Diano, M., Celeghin, A., Bagnis, A. & Tamietto, M. Amygdala response to emotional stimuli without awareness: Facts and interpretations. Front. Psychol. 7, 2029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.02029 (2017).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"25824_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.54.101601.14522","volume":"54","author":"RH Fazio","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fazio, R. H. & Olson, M. A. Implicit measures in social cognition research: Their meaning and use. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 54, 297\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.psych.54.101601.14522 (2003).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"25824_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000198","volume":"20","author":"MR Longo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Longo, M. R. Implicit and explicit body representations. Eur. Psychol. 20(1), 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000198 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"25824_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2008.11.010","volume":"46","author":"GC Prkachin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Prkachin, G. C., Casey, C. & Prkachin, K. M. Alexithymia and perception of facial expressions of emotion. Personality Individ. Differ. 46(4), 412\u2013417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2008.11.010 (2009).","journal-title":"Personality Individ. Differ."},{"key":"25824_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1159\/000075537","volume":"73","author":"GJ Taylor","year":"2004","unstructured":"Taylor, G. J. & Bagby, R. M. New trends in alexithymia research. Psychother. Psychosom. 73, 68\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000075537 (2004).","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"issue":"6","key":"25824_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000361","volume":"127","author":"E Fujiwara","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fujiwara, E. Looking at the eyes interferes with facial emotion recognition in alexithymia. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 127(6), 571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/abn0000361 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"25824_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.05.069","volume":"271","author":"S Jongen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jongen, S. et al. An investigation of facial emotion recognition impairments in alexithymia and its neural correlates. Behav. Brain Res. 271, 129\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.05.069 (2014).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"25824_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2014.09.044","volume":"64","author":"K Ihme","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ihme, K. et al. Alexithymic features and the labeling of brief emotional facial expressions\u2014an fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 64, 289\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2014.09.044 (2014).","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"25824_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-016-0452-1","volume":"16","author":"ME Maier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maier, M. E., Scarpazza, C., Starita, F., Filogamo, R. & L\u00e0davas, E. Error monitoring is related to processing internal affective states. Cognit. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 16(6), 1050\u20131062 (2016).","journal-title":"Cognit. Affect. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"25824_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1159\/000288664","volume":"59","author":"JDA Parker","year":"1993","unstructured":"Parker, J. D. A., Taylor, G. J. & Bagby, R. M. Alexithymia and the recognition of facial expressions of emotion. Psychoth. Psychos. 59, 197\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000288664 (1993).","journal-title":"Psychoth. Psychos."},{"issue":"10","key":"25824_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0140229","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140229","volume":"10","author":"C Scarpazza","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scarpazza, C., Ladavas, E. & di Pellegrino, G. Dissociation between emotional remapping of fear and disgust in alexithymia. PLoS ONE 10(10), e0140229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0140229 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"25824_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-017-5118-x","volume":"236","author":"C Scarpazza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Scarpazza, C., L\u00e0davas, E. & Cattaneo, L. Invisible side of emotions: Somato-motor responses to affective facial displays in alexithymia. Exp. Brain Res. 236, 195\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-017-5118-x (2018).","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"25824_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00929","volume":"9","author":"F Starita","year":"2018","unstructured":"Starita, F., Borhani, K., Bertini, C. & Scarpazza, C. Alexithymia is related to the need for more emotional intensity to identify static fearful facial expressions. Front. Psychol. 9, 929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00929 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"12","key":"25824_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1016\/s0028-3932(02)00045-3","volume":"40","author":"P Vuilleumier","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vuilleumier, P. et al. Neural response to emotional faces with and without awareness: Event-related fMRI in a parietal patient with visual extinction and spatial neglect. Neuropsychologia 40(12), 2156\u20132166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0028-3932(02)00045-3 (2002).","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"25824_CR42","volume-title":"Oxford companion to animal behavior","author":"DDJ McFarland","year":"1981","unstructured":"McFarland, D. D. J. Oxford companion to animal behavior (Oxford University Press, 1981)."},{"issue":"2","key":"25824_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/02699938708408043","volume":"1","author":"NH Frijda","year":"1987","unstructured":"Frijda, N. H. Emotion, cognitive structure, and action tendency. Cogn. Emot. 1(2), 115\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699938708408043 (1987).","journal-title":"Cogn. Emot."},{"issue":"1","key":"25824_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.154","volume":"3","author":"RJR Blair","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blair, R. J. R. Considering anger from a cognitive neuroscience perspective. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Cogn. Sci. 3(1), 65\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wcs.154 (2012).","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"25824_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1053\/sarh.2000.8363","volume":"30","author":"D Buskila","year":"2000","unstructured":"Buskila, D., Neumann, L., Alhoashle, A. & Abu-Shakra, M. Fibromyalgia syndrome in men. Semin. Arthr. Rheum. 30, 47\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/sarh.2000.8363 (2000).","journal-title":"Semin. Arthr. Rheum."},{"key":"25824_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.167","volume":"8","author":"K Rodham","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rodham, K., Rance, N. & Blake, D. A qualitative exploration of carers\u2019 and \u2018patients\u2019 experiences of fibromyalgia: One illness, different perspectives. Musculoskelet. Care. 8, 68\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/msc.167 (2010).","journal-title":"Musculoskelet. Care."},{"issue":"12","key":"25824_CR47","first-page":"2464","volume":"31","author":"MB Yunus","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yunus, M. B., Celiker, R. & Aldag, J. C. Fibromyalgia in men: Comparison of psychological features with women. J. Rheumatol. 31(12), 2464\u20132467 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"25824_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88740","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088740","volume":"49","author":"F Wolfe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wolfe, F., Walitt, B. T., Katz, R. S. & H\u00e4user, W. Symptoms, the nature of fibromyalgia, and diagnostic and statistical manual 5 (DSM-5) defined mental illness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia. PLoS ONE 49, 88740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0088740 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"25824_CR49","first-page":"S41e9","volume":"31","author":"F Salaffi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salaffi, F. et al. Psychometric characteristics of the Italian version of the revised fibromyalgia impact questionnaire using classical test theory and rasch analysis. Clin. Exp. Rheum. 31, S41e9 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheum."},{"key":"25824_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2830","volume":"11","author":"RM Bennett","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bennett, R. M. et al. The revised fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQR): Validation and psychometric properties. Arthritis Res. Ther. 11, 1\u201314 (2009).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"25824_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004","volume":"4","author":"AT Beck","year":"1961","unstructured":"Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J. & Erbaugh, J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch. Gen. Psychiatr. 4, 561\u2013571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 (1961).","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatr."},{"key":"25824_CR52","unstructured":"Sica, C., & Ghisi, M. The Italian versions of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory-II: Psychometric properties and discriminant power. Nova Science Publishers. (2007)."},{"key":"25824_CR53","first-page":"67","volume":"15","author":"A Macor","year":"1990","unstructured":"Macor, A., Pedrabissi, L. & Santinello, M. Ansia di stato e di tratto: Ulteriore contributo alla verifica della validita psicometrica e teorica dello STAI forma Y di Spielberger. Psychol. Sci. 15, 67\u201374 (1990).","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"25824_CR54","volume-title":"Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory","author":"CD Spielberger","year":"1983","unstructured":"Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R. & Jacobs, G. A. Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory (Consulting Psychologists Press, 1983)."},{"key":"25824_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(96)00228-0","volume":"41","author":"C Bressi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bressi, C. et al. Cross validation of the factor structure of the 20-item toronto alexithymia scale: An Italian multicenter study. J. Psychosom. Res. 41, 551\u2013559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-3999(96)00228-0 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"25824_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90005-1","volume":"38","author":"RM Bagby","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D. & Taylor, G. J. The twenty-item toronto alexithymia scale\u2014I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. J. Psychosom. Res. 38, 23\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90005-1 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"25824_CR57","volume-title":"Pictures of facial affect","author":"P Ekman","year":"1976","unstructured":"Ekman, P. & Friesen, W. V. Pictures of facial affect (Consulting Psychologists Press, 1976)."},{"key":"25824_CR58","volume-title":"Stochastic modeling of elementary psychological processes","author":"JT Townsend","year":"1983","unstructured":"Townsend, J. T. & Ashby, F. G. Stochastic modeling of elementary psychological processes (CUP Archive, 1983)."},{"issue":"2","key":"25824_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G. & Buchner, A. G* power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav. Res. Method 39(2), 175\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03193146 (2007).","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Method"},{"issue":"8","key":"25824_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.3109\/00048674.2010.496359","volume":"44","author":"C Bourke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bourke, C., Douglas, K. & Porter, R. Processing of facial emotion expression in major depression: A review. Aust. New Zealand J. Psychiatry. 44(8), 681\u2013696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00048674.2010.496359 (2010).","journal-title":"Aust. New Zealand J. Psychiatry."},{"issue":"7","key":"25824_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2007.11.010","volume":"22","author":"RM Cooper","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cooper, R. M., Rowe, A. C. & Penton-Voak, I. S. The role of trait anxiety in the recognition of emotional facial expressions. J. Anxiety Disord. 22(7), 1120\u20131127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2007.11.010 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"25824_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00909","volume":"4","author":"M Di Tella","year":"2013","unstructured":"Di Tella, M. & Castelli, L. Alexithymia and fibromyalgia: Clinical evidence. Front. psychol. 4, 909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00909 (2013).","journal-title":"Front. psychol."},{"key":"25824_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.06.072","volume":"102","author":"CI Montoro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Montoro, C. I., del Paso, G. A. R. & Duschek, S. Alexithymia in fibromyalgia syndrome. Personality Individ. Differ. 102, 170\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2016.06.072 (2016).","journal-title":"Personality Individ. Differ."},{"issue":"6","key":"25824_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3999(02)00348-3","volume":"53","author":"CG Kooiman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kooiman, C. G., Spinhoven, P. & Trijsburg, R. W. The assessment of alexithymia: A critical review of the literature and a psychometric study of the Toronto alexithymia scale-20. J. Psychosom. Res. 53(6), 1083\u20131090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-3999(02)00348-3 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"25824_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930802204677","volume":"23","author":"IB Mauss","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mauss, I. B. & Robinson, M. D. Measures of emotion: A review. Cogn. Emot. 23(2), 209\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699930802204677 (2009).","journal-title":"Cogn. Emot."},{"key":"25824_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-386915-9.00010-3","volume":"1","author":"DL Neumann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Neumann, D. L., Chan, R. C., Boyle, G. J., Wang, Y. & Westbury, H. R. Measures of empathy: Self-report, behavioral, and neuroscientific approaches. Measure personality Soc. Psychol. Constr. 1, 257\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-386915-9.00010-3 (2015).","journal-title":"Measure personality Soc. Psychol. Constr."},{"key":"25824_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2017.09.011","volume":"19","author":"JE LeDoux","year":"2018","unstructured":"LeDoux, J. E. & Hofmann, S. G. The subjective experience of emotion: A fearful view. Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. 19, 67\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cobeha.2017.09.011 (2018).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"25824_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199403000-00002","volume":"10","author":"E Fernandez","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fernandez, E. & Milburn, T. W. Sensory and affective predictors of overall pain and emotions associated with affective pain. Clin. J. Pain. 10, 3\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00002508-199403000-00002 (1994).","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain."},{"key":"25824_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(95)00192-U","volume":"61","author":"E Fernandez","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fernandez, E. & Turk, D. C. The scope and significance of anger in the experience of chronic pain. Pain 61, 165\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-3959(95)00192-U (1995).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"25824_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1006\/appe.1999.0236","volume":"33","author":"M Macht","year":"1999","unstructured":"Macht, M. Characteristics of eating in anger, fear, sadness and joy. Appetite 33, 129\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/appe.1999.0236 (1999).","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"2","key":"25824_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2009.03.007","volume":"14","author":"H Van Middendorp","year":"2010","unstructured":"Van Middendorp, H. et al. Effects of anger and anger regulation styles on pain in daily life of women with fibromyalgia: A diary study. Eur. J. Pain 14(2), 176\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpain.2009.03.007 (2010).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"25824_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.01.775","volume":"14","author":"AM Gonz\u00e1lez-Rold\u00e1n","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Rold\u00e1n, A. M., Munoz, M. A., Cifre, I., Sitges, C. & Montoya, P. Altered psychophysiological responses to the view of others\u2019 pain and anger faces in fibromyalgia patients. J. Pain. 14, 709\u2013719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.01.775 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Pain."},{"issue":"6","key":"25824_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3266","volume":"5","author":"CCS Donaldson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Donaldson, C. C. S., Sella, G. E. & Mueller, H. H. Fibromyalgia: A retrospective study of 252 consecutive referrals. Can. J. Clin. Med. 5(6), 116\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2014.3266 (1998).","journal-title":"Can. J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"25824_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2009.06.002","volume":"35","author":"JM Glass","year":"2009","unstructured":"Glass, J. M. Review of cognitive dysfunction in fibromyalgia: A convergence on working memory and attentional control impairments. Rheum. Dis. Clin. 35(2), 299\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rdc.2009.06.002 (2009).","journal-title":"Rheum. Dis. Clin."},{"key":"25824_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2010.493611","volume":"26","author":"E Mir\u00f3","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mir\u00f3, E. et al. Attentional deficits in fibromyalgia and its relationships with pain, emotional distress and sleep dysfunction complaints. Psychol. Health. 26, 765\u2013780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08870446.2010.493611 (2011).","journal-title":"Psychol. Health."},{"issue":"7","key":"25824_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-014-3208-7","volume":"35","author":"HM Kravitz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kravitz, H. M. & Katz, R. S. Fibrofog and fibromyalgia: A narrative review and implications for clinical practice. Rheumatol. Int. 35(7), 1115\u20131125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-014-3208-7 (2015).","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"25824_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22403","volume":"67","author":"V Tesio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tesio, V. et al. Are fibromyalgia patients cognitively impaired? Objective and subjective neuropsychological evidence. Arthritis Care Res. 67(1), 143\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.22403 (2015).","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"25824_CR78","first-page":"581","volume":"28","author":"HAGIT Cohen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cohen, H. A. G. I. T. et al. Abnormal sympathovagal balance in men with fibromyalgia. J. Rheumatol. 28(3), 581 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"25824_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12128","volume":"20","author":"E Mir\u00f3","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mir\u00f3, E., Mart\u00ednez, M. P., S\u00e1nchez, A. I., Prados, G. & Lupi\u00e1\u00f1ez, J. Men and women with fibromyalgia: Relation between attentional function and clinical symptoms. Br. J. Health. Psychol. 20(3), 632\u2013647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjhp.12128 (2015).","journal-title":"Br. J. Health. Psychol."},{"key":"25824_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02371","volume":"10","author":"L Abbruzzese","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abbruzzese, L., Magnani, N., Robertson, I. H. & Mancuso, M. Age and gender differences in emotion recognition. Fron. Psychol. 10, 2371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02371 (2019).","journal-title":"Fron. Psychol."},{"key":"25824_CR81","first-page":"395","volume":"3","author":"LR Brody","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brody, L. R. & Hall, J. A. Gender and emotion in context. Handb. Emot. 3, 395\u2013408 (2008).","journal-title":"Handb. Emot."},{"key":"25824_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.126.3.424","volume":"126","author":"EB McClure","year":"2000","unstructured":"McClure, E. B. A meta-analytic review of sex differences in facial expression processing and their development in infants, children, and adolescents. Psychol. Bull. 126, 424\u2013453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.126.3.424 (2000).","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"2","key":"25824_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S88","DOI":"10.1007\/s003930050243","volume":"57","author":"F Wolfe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wolfe, F. & Hawley, D. J. Psychosocial factors and the fibromyalgia syndrome. Z. Rheumatol. 57(2), S88\u2013S91. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s003930050243 (1998).","journal-title":"Z. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"25824_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/s0924-9338(00)00397-7","volume":"15","author":"UM Anderberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Anderberg, U. M., Marteinsdottir, I., Theorell, T. & Von Knorring, L. The impact of life events in female patients with fibromyalgia and in female healthy controls. Eur. Psychiatry 15(5), 295\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0924-9338(00)00397-7 (2000).","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"25824_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2010.549865","volume":"36","author":"LH Somerville","year":"2011","unstructured":"Somerville, L. H., Fani, N. & McClure-Tone, E. B. Behavioral and neural representation of emotional facial expressions across the lifespan. Dev. Neuropsychol. 36(4), 408\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/87565641.2010.549865 (2011).","journal-title":"Dev. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"11","key":"25824_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000559","volume":"148","author":"LA Rutter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rutter, L. A. et al. Emotion sensitivity across the lifespan: Mapping clinical risk periods to sensitivity to facial emotion intensity. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 148(11), 1993\u20132005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/xge0000559 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-25824-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-25824-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-25824-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T22:16:20Z","timestamp":1671228980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-25824-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["25824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-25824-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 October 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 December 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21498"}}