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The volume of the human airway in sitting or standing positions remains unclear, and no clinical study to date has compared the inspiratory and expiratory airway volumes and luminal areas among standing, sitting, and supine positions. In this prospective study, 100 asymptomatic volunteers underwent both upright (sitting and standing positions) and conventional (supine position) CT during inspiration and expiration breath-holds and the pulmonary function test (PFT) within 2\u00a0h of CT. We compared the inspiratory\/expiratory airway volumes and luminal areas on CT among the three positions and evaluated the correlation between airway volumes in each position on CT and PFT measurements. The inspiratory and expiratory airway volumes were significantly higher in the sitting and standing positions than in the supine position (inspiratory, 4.6% and 2.5% increase, respectively; expiratory, 14.9% and 13.4% increase, respectively; all\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The inspiratory and expiratory luminal areas of the trachea, bilateral main bronchi, and average third-generation airway were significantly higher in the sitting and standing positions than in the supine position (inspiratory, 4.2\u201210.3% increases, all\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; expiratory, 6.4\u201212.8% increases, all\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). These results could provide important clues regarding the pathogenesis of orthopnea. Spearman\u2019s correlation coefficients between the inspiratory airway volume on CT and forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1\u00a0s on PFT were numerically higher in the standing position than in the supine position (0.673 vs. 0.659 and 0.669 vs. 0.643, respectively); however, no statistically significant differences were found. Thus, the airway volumes on upright and conventional\u00a0supine CT were moderately correlated with the PFT measurements.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25865-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T05:03:36Z","timestamp":1670562216000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Comparison of inspiratory and expiratory airway volumes and luminal areas among standing, sitting, and supine positions using upright and conventional CT"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yoshitake","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shotaro","family":"Chubachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichi","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiho","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Tanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Niijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuru","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Fukunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Jinzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"25865_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-008-0948-3","volume":"18","author":"C Schaefer-Prokop","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schaefer-Prokop, C., Neitzel, U., Venema, H. 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However, Canon Medical Systems was not involved in the design and conduct of the study; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or in the preparation, review, and approval of the manuscript. The remaining authors (Y.Yamada, M.Y., S.C., Y.Yokoyama, S.M., A.T., Y.N., M.M., T.A., and K.F.) have no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21315"}}