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This study aimed to evaluate the success rate of this limb reconstruction method and which risk factors are associated with recurrence of infection. 140 patients were treated with multi-staged induced membrane technique from 2013 to 2018 and followed up more than 24\u00a0months after bone grafting. The primary success rate of limb reconstruction was 75% with a mean follow-up of 45.3\u00a0months. The mean Lower Extremity Functional Scale in success group improved from 12.1\u2009\u00b1\u20098.5 to 56.6\u2009\u00b1\u20099.9 after the treatment. There were 35 cases of recurrence of infection at a mean of 18.5\u00a0months after bone grafting. Independent risk factors for recurrence of infection were infected free flap, surprise positive culture, deviation from our surgical protocol, and elevated ESR before final bone graft procedure. In conclusion, this study showed that multi-staged induced membrane technique protocol based on post-debridement culture resulted in 75% success rate and revealed a number of risk factors for recurrence of infection.\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-26746-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]],"date-time":"2022-12-31T13:02:59Z","timestamp":1672491779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Outcome of multi-staged induced membrane technique based on post-debridement cultures for the management of critical-sized bone defect following fracture-related infection"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jae-Woo","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William T.","family":"Kent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Kak","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong-Ho","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seungyeob","family":"Sakong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanju","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whee Sung","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eic Ju","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wonseok","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Keon","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"26746_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000979","volume":"31","author":"AC Masquelet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Masquelet, A. 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