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We conducted a retrospective, multi-institutional analysis of 129 patients with previously irradiated cancer. The most frequent primary sites were the nasopharynx (43.4%), oral cavity (24.8%), and oropharynx (18.6%). With a median follow-up duration of 10.6\u00a0months, the median overall survival was 14.4\u00a0months and the 2-year overall survival rate was 40.6%. For each primary site, the 2-year overall survival rates were 32.1%, 34.6%, 30%, 60.8%, and 5.7% for the hypopharynx, oral cavity, larynx, nasopharynx, and oropharynx, respectively. Prognostic factors for overall survival were primary site (nasopharynx versus other sites) and gross tumor volume (GTV) (\u2264\u200925 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> versus\u2009&gt;\u200925 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>). The 2-year local control rate was 41.2%. Twenty-four patients (18.6%) presented with grade\u2009\u2265\u20093 toxicities, including nine with hemorrhages that led to grade 5 toxicities in seven patients. All nine tumors that caused hemorrhage showed tumor encasement of the carotid\u2009\u2265\u2009180 degrees and eight of nine tumors had larger GTV\u2009&gt;\u200925 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>. Reirradiation is a feasible treatment option for small local recurrence of oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers, with the requirement of a strict eligibility assessment for large tumors with carotid encasement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29459-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T15:43:00Z","timestamp":1677253380000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Reirradiation for local recurrence of oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers: a multi-institutional study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hideya","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gen","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norihiro","family":"Aibe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroya","family":"Shiomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoong-jin","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoaki","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Konishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikio","family":"Ogita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"29459_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.0973","volume":"3","author":"JE Leeman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leeman, J. 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