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However, a \u2018core\u2019 composition has not yet been defined. This exploratory study analysed the endometrial microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing (V1\u2013V2 region) of 141 infertile women whose first IVF\/ICSI cycle failed and compared the microbiota profiles of women with and without a live birth within 12\u00a0months of follow-up, and by infertility cause and type. <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> was the most abundant genus in the majority of samples. Women with a live birth compared to those without had significantly higher <jats:italic>Lactobacillus crispatus<\/jats:italic> relative abundance (RA) (p\u2009=\u20090.029), and a smaller proportion of them had \u2264\u200910% <jats:italic>L. crispatus<\/jats:italic> RA (42.1% and 70.4%, respectively; p\u2009=\u20090.015). A smaller proportion of women in the male factor infertility group had \u2264\u200910% <jats:italic>L. crispatus<\/jats:italic> RA compared to women in the unexplained and other infertility causes groups combined (p\u2009=\u20090.030). Women with primary infertility compared to secondary infertility had significantly higher <jats:italic>L. crispatus<\/jats:italic> RA (p\u2009=\u20090.004); lower proportions of them had \u2264\u200910% <jats:italic>L. crispatus<\/jats:italic> RA (p\u2009=\u20090.009) and\u2009&gt;\u200910% <jats:italic>Gardnerella vaginalis<\/jats:italic> RA (p\u2009=\u20090.019). In conclusion, IVF\/ICSI success may be associated with <jats:italic>L. crispatus<\/jats:italic> RA and secondary infertility with endometrial dysbiosis, more often than primary infertility. 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In addition, several authors report having received personal fees for consultations, conference attendance, and travel as follows: BB from Gedeon Richter Benelux and Guerbet; NvH from Organon; GT from Merck; GS from Guerbet\u00a0and SM from Abbott Pharmaceuticals, Ferring, Abbott Pharmaceuticals, and IBSA. FB is a paid member of the advisory boards of Merck and Ferring, and also received a speakers\u2019 fee from Besins Healthcare. All of these personal fees were unrelated to the study and substudy reported in this manuscript. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3444"}}