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Two female prisons in the Brazilian Prison System were included. Seventy-four women participated by completing questionnaires about their sociodemographic data, BZD use and use of other substances. These questionnaires included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist\u2013Civilian Version (PCL-C). Of the 46 women who reported no BZDs use before arrest, 29 (63%) began using BZDs during imprisonment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Positive scores for PTSD, anxiety, and depression, as well as associations between BZD use during imprisonment and anxiety (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028), depression (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) and comorbid anxiety and depression (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003) were found when a bivariate Poisson regression was performed. When a multivariate Poisson regression was performed for tobacco use, the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales, BZD use was associated with depression (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008), with tobacco use (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012), but not with anxiety (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.325). Imprisonment increases the psychological suffering of women, consequently increasing BZD use. Nonpharmacological measures need to be considered in the health care of incarcerated women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30604-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,18]],"date-time":"2023-03-18T21:16:38Z","timestamp":1679174198000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The use of benzodiazepines and the mental health of women in prison: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Miranda Seixas Einloft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciane","family":"Kopittke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00edriam","family":"Thais Guterres Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1guida","family":"Luana Veriato Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Maria Dotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Maria Tannhauser Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"30604_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.01.002","volume":"25","author":"F L\u00f3pez-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2011","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Mu\u00f1oz, F., \u00c1lamo, C. & Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda, P. 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