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Thus, in clinical practice, early recognition of MPE is valuable. However, the current diagnosis of MPE is based on pleural fluid cytology or histologic analysis of pleural biopsies with a low diagnostic rate. This research aimed to assess the diagnostic ability of eight previously identified Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)-associated genes for MPE. In the study, eighty-two individuals with pleural effusion were recruited. There were thirty-three patients with MPE and forty-nine patients with benign transudate. mRNA was isolated from the pleural effusion and amplified by Quantitative real-time PCR. The logistic models were further applied to evaluate the diagnostic performance of those genes. Four significant MPE-associated genes were discovered in our study, including Dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), MDM2 proto-oncogene (MDM2), Ring finger protein 4 (RNF4), and WEE1 G2 Checkpoint Kinase (WEE1). Pleural effusion with higher expression levels of MDM2 and WEE1 and lower expression levels of RNF4 and DUSP6 had a higher possibility of being MPE. The four-gene model had an excellent performance distinguishing MPE and benign pleural effusion, especially for pathologically negative effusions. Therefore, the gene combination is a suitable candidate for MPE screening in patients with pleural effusion. We also identified three survival-associated genes, WEE1, Neurofibromin 1 (NF1), and DNA polymerase delta interacting protein 2 (POLDIP2), which could predict the overall survival of patients with MPE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-32872-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T13:03:23Z","timestamp":1682341403000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["mRNA markers associated with malignant pleural effusion"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shih-Chang","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shan-Yueh","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ting","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harn-Jing","family":"Terng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen-Liang","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shau Ku","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih\u2011Feng","family":"Chian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"32872_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2005.035352","volume":"81","author":"A Medford","year":"2005","unstructured":"Medford, A. & Maskell, N. 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