{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T14:20:31Z","timestamp":1794406831196,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687478400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Ocular Pain Assessment Survey (OPAS-J) to measure ocular pain and quality of life. A multi-institutional cross-sectional study was conducted on participants with and without ocular pain. The Wong\u2013Baker FACES\u00ae Pain Rating Scale served as the gold standard for measuring the intensity of ocular pain. Sixty-four participants who visited two clinics located in Japan between May 2019 and October 2019 were included in the study. The OPAS was translated and culturally adapted to Japanese. The internal consistency of the OPAS-J was assessed using Cronbach\u2019s alpha coefficient. Twenty-four (37.5%) and 40 (62.5%) participants were classified as having ocular pain and no ocular pain, respectively. All dimensions of the OPAS-J had good reliability, with a Cronbach\u2019s alpha coefficient of 0.870 for ocular pain intensity over the past 24\u00a0h and 0.874, 0.899, 0.874, 0.871, and 0.876 for ocular pain intensity over the past 2\u00a0weeks, non-ocular pain, interference with quality of life, aggravating factors, and associated factors, respectively. The OPAS-J is a reliable and responsive tool that can be used to quantify ocular pain intensity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36740-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T11:55:21Z","timestamp":1687521321000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Ocular pain assessment survey (OPAS-J)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ryutaro","family":"Yamanishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natsume","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miki","family":"Uchino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoko","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Tsubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuno","family":"Negishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Pt3","key":"36740_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1997.72","volume":"11","author":"CJ Roberts","year":"1997","unstructured":"Roberts, C. J., MacLeod, J. D. & Elkington, A. R. Ocular pain: A casualty study. The spectrum and prevalence of pain in acute eye disease. Eye (Lond) 11(Pt3), 342\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.1997.72 (1997).","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"36740_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-306280","volume":"100","author":"P Rosenthal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rosenthal, P. & Borsook, D. Ocular neuropathic pain. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 100, 128\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-306280 (2016).","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"36740_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.10.001","volume":"16","author":"A Galor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Galor, A. et al. Neuropathic pain and dry eye. Ocul. Surf. 16, 31\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.10.001 (2018).","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"36740_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.5.615","volume":"118","author":"RM Schiffman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schiffman, R. M., Christianson, M. D., Jacobsen, G., Hirsch, J. D. & Reis, B. L. Reliability and validity of the Ocular Surface Disease Index. Arch. Ophthalmol. 118, 615\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.118.5.615 (2000).","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"36740_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.05.008","volume":"17","author":"R Yamanishi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yamanishi, R. et al. Analysis of the association between the severity of ocular and systemic pain. Ocul. Surf. 17, 434\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.05.008 (2019).","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"36740_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.03.006","volume":"123","author":"Y Qazi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qazi, Y. et al. Validity and reliability of a novel ocular pain assessment survey (OPAS) in quantifying and monitoring corneal and ocular surface pain. Ophthalmology 123, 1458\u20131468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.03.006 (2016).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"36740_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01733-1","volume":"20","author":"J Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim, J., Yoon, H. J., You, I. C., Ko, B. Y. & Yoon, K. C. Clinical characteristics of dry eye with ocular neuropathic pain features: comparison according to the types of sensitization based on the ocular pain assessment survey. BMC Ophthalmol. 20, 455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-020-01733-1 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"key":"36740_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3116913","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3116913","volume":"2022","author":"A Yildiz-Tas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yildiz-Tas, A. et al. Developing a measure to quantify ocular pain postoperatively: The adaptation of the ocular pain assessment survey. J. Ophthalmol. 2022, 3116913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/3116913 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"36740_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2016.09.003","volume":"15","author":"K Tsubota","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsubota, K. et al. New perspectives on dry eye definition and diagnosis: a consensus report by the asia dry eye society. Ocul. Surf. 15, 65\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtos.2016.09.003 (2017).","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"36740_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.05.040","volume":"156","author":"M Uchino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Uchino, M. et al. Prevalence of dry eye disease and its risk factors in visual display terminal users: the Osaka study. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 156, 759\u2013766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.05.040 (2013).","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"36740_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e033940","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033940","volume":"9","author":"A Midorikawa-Inomata","year":"2019","unstructured":"Midorikawa-Inomata, A. et al. Reliability and validity of the japanese version of the ocular surface disease index for dry eye disease. BMJ Open 9, e033940. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033940 (2019).","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"36740_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001552","volume":"160","author":"M Farhangi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Farhangi, M. et al. Modification of the neuropathic pain symptom inventory for use in eye pain (NPSI-Eye). Pain 160, 1541\u20131550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001552 (2019).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"36740_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.4503","volume":"131","author":"Y Sakane","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sakane, Y. et al. Development and validation of the dry eye-related quality-of-life score questionnaire. JAMA Ophthalmol. 131, 1331\u20131338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.4503 (2013).","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"36740_CR14","unstructured":"Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Survey of actual medical benefits in 2008 https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/file\/06-Seisakujouhou-12400000-Hokenkyoku\/nenrei_h20.pdf (Accessed 2023.05.01)."},{"key":"36740_CR15","unstructured":"Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Rate of treatment. Patient Res; (2014)."},{"key":"36740_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555","volume":"16","author":"LJ Cronbach","year":"1951","unstructured":"Cronbach, L. J. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 16, 297\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02310555 (1951).","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"36740_CR17","unstructured":"Wong-Baker FACES Foundation. Wong-baker FACES\u00ae Pain rating scale (1983)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-36740-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-36740-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-36740-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T12:01:42Z","timestamp":1687521702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-36740-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["36740"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-36740-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 February 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 June 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"10197"}}