{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:12:48Z","timestamp":1787314368854,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689292800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009168","name":"Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009168","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Nipah virus (NiV), an emerging zoonotic pathogen in Southeast Asia, is transmitted from\n                    <jats:italic>Pteropus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species of fruit bats to a wide range of species, including humans, pigs, horses, dogs, and cats. NiV has killed millions of animals and caused highly fatal human outbreaks since no vaccine is commercially available. This study characterized the immunogenicity and safety of poxvirus-based Nipah vaccines that can be used in humans and species responsible for NiV transmission. Mice were vaccinated with modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) and raccoon pox (RCN) viral vectors expressing the NiV fusion (F) and glycoprotein (G) proteins subcutaneously (SC) and intranasally (IN). Importantly, both vaccines did not induce significant weight loss or clinical signs of disease while generating high circulating neutralizing antibodies and lung-specific IgG and IgA responses. The MVA vaccine saw high phenotypic expression of effector and tissue resident memory CD8\u0251\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells in lungs and splenocytes along with the expression of central memory CD8\u0251\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells in lungs. The RCN vaccine generated effector memory (SC) and tissue resident (IN) CD8\u0251\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells in splenocytes and tissue resident (IN) CD8\u0251\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells in lung cells. These findings support MVA-FG and RCN-FG viral vectors as promising vaccine candidates to protect humans, domestic animals, and wildlife from fatal disease outcomes and to reduce the global threat of NiV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38010-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T06:02:50Z","timestamp":1689314570000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Immunogenicity of poxvirus-based vaccines against Nipah virus"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Emily S.","family":"Medina-Mag\u00fces","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Lopera-Madrid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael K.","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina F.","family":"Spiropoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel M.","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lex G.","family":"Medina-Mag\u00fces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristhian","family":"Salas-Quinchucua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela P.","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge E.","family":"Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5470","key":"38010_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5470.1432","volume":"288","author":"KB Chua","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chua, K. B. et al. Nipah virus: A recently emergent deadly paramyxovirus. Science 288(5470), 1432\u20131435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.288.5470.1432 (2000).","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"38010_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-018-0050-1","volume":"33","author":"B Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun, B. et al. Phylogeography, transmission, and viral proteins of Nipah virus. Virologica Sinica 33(5), 385\u2013393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12250-018-0050-1 (2018).","journal-title":"Virologica Sinica"},{"issue":"7","key":"38010_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1107.041350","volume":"11","author":"J-M Reynes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Reynes, J.-M. et al. Nipah virus in Lyle\u2019s flying foxes, Cambodia. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11(7), 1042\u20131047. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid1107.041350 (2005).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"38010_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0416","volume":"87","author":"PD Yadav","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yadav, P. D. et al. Detection of Nipah virus RNA in fruit bat (Pteropus giganteus) from India. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 87(3), 576\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0416 (Sep.2012).","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"issue":"7","key":"38010_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e69544","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069544","volume":"8","author":"I Sendow","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sendow, I. et al. Nipah virus in the fruit bat Pteropus vampyrus in Sumatera, Indonesia. PLoS ONE 8(7), e69544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0069544 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"38010_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-016-0510-x","volume":"13","author":"S Wacharapluesadee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wacharapluesadee, S. et al. Molecular characterization of Nipah virus from Pteropus hypomelanus in Southern Thailand. Virol. J. 13(1), 53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12985-016-0510-x (2016).","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"38010_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed6010024","volume":"6","author":"N Hauser","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hauser, N., Gushiken, A. C., Narayanan, S., Kottilil, S. & Chua, J. V. Evolution of Nipah virus infection: Past, present, and future considerations. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 6(1), 24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed6010024 (2021).","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"12","key":"38010_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy612","volume":"219","author":"G Arunkumar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arunkumar, G. et al. Outbreak investigation of Nipah virus disease in Kerala, India, 2018. J. Infect. Dis. 219(12), 1867\u20131878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiy612 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"38010_CR9","unstructured":"\u201cNipah virus.\u201d https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/nipah-virus (accessed Dec. 28, 2021)."},{"issue":"11","key":"38010_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0142292","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142292","volume":"10","author":"N Nahar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nahar, N. et al. Raw sap consumption habits and its association with knowledge of Nipah virus in two endemic districts in Bangladesh. PLoS ONE 10(11), e0142292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0142292 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"38010_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1307.061128","volume":"13","author":"ES Gurley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gurley, E. S. et al. Person-to-person transmission of Nipah virus in a Bangladeshi Community. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 13(7), 1031\u20131037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid1307.061128 (2007).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"38010_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2102.141433","volume":"21","author":"PKG Ching","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ching, P. K. G. et al. Outbreak of Henipavirus infection, Philippines, 2014. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 21(2), 328\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2102.141433 (2015).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"38010_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1062","volume":"49","author":"H-T Chong","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chong, H.-T. et al. Treatment of acute Nipah encephalitis with ribavirin. Ann. Neurol. 49(6), 810\u2013813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.1062 (2001).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"38010_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.19.1.1202","volume":"19","author":"MN Mhod Nor","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mhod Nor, M. N., Gan, C. H. & Ong, B. L. Nipah virus infection of pigs in peninsular Malaysia: -EN- -FR- -ES-. Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE 19(1), 160\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20506\/rst.19.1.1202 (2000).","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE"},{"issue":"1","key":"38010_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-021920-113833","volume":"7","author":"M Amaya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amaya, M. & Broder, C. C. Vaccines to emerging viruses: Nipah and Hendra. Annu. Rev. Virol. 7(1), 447\u2013473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-virology-021920-113833 (2020).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Virol."},{"issue":"September 1","key":"38010_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)91246-Q","volume":"190","author":"M Merchlinsky","year":"1992","unstructured":"Merchlinsky, M. & Moss, B. Introduction of foreign DNA into the vaccinia virus genome by in vitro ligation: recombination-independent selectable cloning vectors. Virology 190 522\u2013526 (1992).","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"38010_CR17","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez, C. E., N\u00e1jera, J. L., Krupa, M. & Esteban, M.. The poxvirus vectors MVA and NYVAC as gene delivery systems for vaccination against infectious diseases and cancer."},{"key":"38010_CR18","unstructured":"Drexler, I., Staib, C. & Sutter, G. Modified vaccinia virus Ankara as antigen delivery system: How can we best use its potential?"},{"key":"38010_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.06.054","volume":"28","author":"JN Brewoo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brewoo, J. N., Powell, T. D., Stinchcomb, D. T. & Osorio, J. E. Efficacy and safety of a modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vectored plague vaccine in mice. Vaccine 28, 5891\u20135899 (2010).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"38010_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.08.048","volume":"24","author":"SC Gilbert","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gilbert, S. C. et al. Synergistic DNA-MVA prime-boost vaccination regimes for malaria and tuberculosis. Vaccine 24, 4554\u20134561 (2006).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"38010_CR21","unstructured":"Brewooa, J. N., Powellb, T. D., Jonesa, J. C., Gundlacha, N. A., Younga, G. R., Chua, H., Dasa, S. C., Partidosa, C. D., Stinchcombb, D. T. & Osorio, J. E. Cross-protective immunity against multiple influenza virus subtypes by a novel modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vectored vaccine in mice."},{"key":"38010_CR22","unstructured":"Herman, Y. Isolation and characterization of a naturally occurring poxvirus of raccoons. In: Kallio, R. E., editor. Bacteriological Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology (1964)."},{"key":"38010_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6788","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43210-w","volume":"9","author":"TE Rocke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rocke, T. E. et al. Virally-vectored vaccine candidates against white-nose syndrome induce anti-fungal immune response in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Sci. Rep. 9, 6788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-43210-w (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"10","key":"38010_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005958","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005958","volume":"11","author":"B Stading","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stading, B. et al. Protection of bats (Eptesicus fuscus) against rabies following topical or oronasal exposure to a recombinant raccoon poxvirus vaccine. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 11(10), e0005958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005958 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"38010_CR25","unstructured":"Osorio, J. E., Frank, R. S., Moss, K., Taraska, T., Powell, T. & Stinchcomb, D. T. Raccoon poxvirus as a mucosal vaccine vector for domestic cats."},{"key":"38010_CR26","unstructured":"Esposito, J. J., Chandler, F. W. & Baer, G. M. Oral immunization of animals with raccoon poxvirus expressing rabies virus glycoprotein. Vaccines. Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1989. p. 403\u20138."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"38010_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01309757","volume":"133","author":"JC DeMartini","year":"1993","unstructured":"DeMartini, J. C., Bickle, H. M., Brodie, S. J., He, B. X. & Esposito, J. J. Raccoon poxvirus rabies virus glycoprotein recombinant vaccine in sheep. Arch. Virol. 133(1\u20132), 211\u2013222 (1993).","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"issue":"4","key":"38010_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1637\/9315-032410-Reg.1","volume":"54","author":"S-H Hwa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hwa, S.-H., Iams, K. P., Hall, J. S., Kingstad, B. A. & Osorio, J. E. Characterization of recombinant raccoon pox vaccine vectors in chickens. Avian Dis. 54(4), 1157\u20131165 (2010).","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"38010_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-44.4.930","volume":"44","author":"TE Rocke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rocke, T. E., Smith, S. R., Stinchcomb, D. T. & Osorio, J. E. Immunization of black-tailed prairie dog against plague through consumption of vaccine-laden baits. J. Wildl. Dis. 44(4), 930 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"issue":"36","key":"38010_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.06.054","volume":"28","author":"JN Brewoo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brewoo, J. N., Powell, T. D., Stinchcomb, D. T. & Osorio, J. E. Efficacy and safety of a modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vectored plague vaccine in mice. Vaccine 28(36), 5891\u20135899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.06.054 (2010).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"14","key":"38010_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.01.038","volume":"31","author":"JN Brewoo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brewoo, J. N. et al. Cross-protective immunity against multiple influenza virus subtypes by a novel modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vectored vaccine in mice. Vaccine 31(14), 1848\u20131855. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.01.038 (2013).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"38010_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52065","DOI":"10.3791\/52065","volume":"93","author":"A Baer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baer, A. & Kehn-Hall, K. viral concentration determination through plaque assays: Using Traditional and novel overlay systems. J. Vis. Exp. 93, 52065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/52065 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"issue":"15","key":"38010_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(96)00072-2","volume":"14","author":"L Wyatt","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wyatt, L. Development of a replication-deficient recombinant vaccinia virus vaccine effective against parainfluenza virus 3 infection in an animal model. Vaccine 14(15), 1451\u20131458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0264-410X(96)00072-2 (1996).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"38010_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Earl, P. L., Moss, B., Wyatt, L. S. & Carroll, M. W. Generation of Recombinant Vaccinia Viruses, in Current Protocols in Protein Science, J. E. Coligan, B. M. Dunn, D. W. Speicher, and P. T. Wingfield, Eds. Wiley, 1998, p. 5.13.1\u20135.13.19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/0471140864.ps0513s13.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471140864.ps0513s13"},{"key":"38010_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142727.mb1616s43","author":"PL Earl","year":"1998","unstructured":"Earl, P. L., Cooper, N., Wyatt, L. S., Moss, B. & Carroll, M. W. Preparation of cell cultures and Vaccinia virus stocks. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/0471142727.mb1616s43 (1998).","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"38010_CR36","unstructured":"National Research Council (U.S.), Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (U.S.), and National Academies Press (U.S.), Eds., Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, 8th ed. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press (2011)."},{"issue":"10","key":"38010_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1110.050513","volume":"11","author":"BH Harcourt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Harcourt, B. H. et al. Genetic characterization of Nipah virus, Bangladesh, 2004. Emerg Infect Dis. 11(10), 1594\u20131597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid1110.050513 (2005).","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"38010_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-021920-113833","volume":"7","author":"M Amaya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amaya, M. & Broder, C. C. Vaccines to emerging viruses: Nipah and Hendra. Annu Rev Virol. 7(1), 447\u2013473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-virology-021920-113833 (2020).","journal-title":"Annu Rev Virol."},{"issue":"11","key":"38010_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6690","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.11.6690-6702.2005.PMID:15890907;PMCID:PMC1112112","volume":"79","author":"KN Bossart","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bossart, K. N. et al. Receptor binding, fusion inhibition, and induction of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies by a soluble G glycoprotein of Hendra virus. J. Virol. 79(11), 6690\u20136702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.79.11.6690-6702.2005.PMID:15890907;PMCID:PMC1112112 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"10","key":"38010_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0006862","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006862","volume":"12","author":"LC Katzelnick","year":"2018","unstructured":"Katzelnick, L. C. et al. Viridot: An automated virus plaque (immunofocus) counter for the measurement of serological neutralizing responses with application to dengue virus. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 12(10), e0006862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006862 (2018).","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"38010_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.22837","volume":"89","author":"K Fletez-Brant","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fletez-Brant, K., \u0160pidlen, J., Brinkman, R. R., Roederer, M. & Chattopadhyay, P. K. flowClean: Automated identification and removal of fluorescence anomalies in flow cytometry data. Cytometry A. 89(5), 461\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cyto.a.22837 (2016).","journal-title":"Cytometry A."},{"issue":"2","key":"38010_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.78.2.834-840.2004","volume":"78","author":"V Guillaume","year":"2004","unstructured":"Guillaume, V. et al. Nipah virus: vaccination and passive protection studies in a hamster model. J Virol. 78(2), 834\u2013840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.78.2.834-840.2004 (2004).","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"38010_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8010115","volume":"8","author":"M Pedrera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pedrera, M. et al. Bovine herpesvirus-4-vectored delivery of Nipah virus glycoproteins enhances T cell immunogenicity in pigs. Vaccines. 8(1), 115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines8010115 (2020).","journal-title":"Vaccines."},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"38010_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.081","volume":"29","author":"SO Foster","year":"2011","unstructured":"Foster, S. O., Hughes, K., Tarantola, D. & Glasser, J. W. Smallpox eradication in Bangladesh, 1972\u20131976. Vaccine. 29(Suppl 4), D22\u2013D29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.081 (2011).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"8","key":"38010_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI9819","volume":"105","author":"MJ Mastrangelo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mastrangelo, M. J., Eisenlohr, L. C., Gomella, L. & Lattime, E. C. Poxvirus vectors: orphaned and underappreciated. J. Clin. Invest. 105(8), 1031\u20131034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI9819 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"38010_CR46","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Multi-country Monkeypox Outbreak: Situation update. World Health Organization. Retrieved July 5, 2022, from https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/disease-outbreak-news\/item\/2022-DON390"},{"key":"38010_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2017.01.004","volume":"185","author":"J Lopera-Madrid","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lopera-Madrid, J. et al. Safety and immunogenicity of mammalian cell derived and modified Vaccinia Ankara vectored African swine fever subunit antigens in swine. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 185, 20\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetimm.2017.01.004 (2017).","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"issue":"44","key":"38010_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.08.088","volume":"34","author":"BR Stading","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stading, B. R. et al. Infectivity of attenuated poxvirus vaccine vectors and immunogenicity of a raccoonpox vectored rabies vaccine in the Brazilian Free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis). Vaccine 34(44), 5352\u20135358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.08.088 (2016).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"38010_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-021-00284-w","volume":"6","author":"TW Geisbert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Geisbert, T. W. et al. A single dose investigational subunit vaccine for human use against Nipah virus and Hendra virus. Npj Vaccines 6, 23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41541-021-00284-w (2021).","journal-title":"Npj Vaccines"},{"key":"38010_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.772864","author":"RJ Loomis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Loomis, R. J. et al. Chimeric fusion (F) and attachment (G) glycoprotein antigen delivery by mrna as a candidate Nipah vaccine. Front. Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.772864 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"38010_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-017-0023-7.PMID:29263876;PMCID:PMC5627259","volume":"8","author":"P Walpita","year":"2017","unstructured":"Walpita, P. et al. A VLP-based vaccine provides complete protection against Nipah virus challenge following multiple-dose or single-dose vaccination schedules in a hamster model. NPJ Vaccines. 8(2), 21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41541-017-0023-7.PMID:29263876;PMCID:PMC5627259 (2017).","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines."},{"key":"38010_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1373.029","volume":"1081","author":"X Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang, X. et al. Efficacy of DNA immunization with F and G protein genes of Nipah virus. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1081, 243\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1373.029 (2006).","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"16","key":"38010_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7929","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00263-06","volume":"80","author":"HM Weingartl","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weingartl, H. M. et al. Recombinant nipah virus vaccines protect pigs against challenge. J. Virol. 80(16), 7929\u20137938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.00263-06 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"3","key":"38010_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e58414","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058414","volume":"8","author":"M Yoneda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yoneda, M. et al. Recombinant measles virus vaccine expressing the Nipah virus glycoprotein protects against lethal Nipah virus challenge. PLoS ONE 8(3), e58414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0058414 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"38010_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/v12010026","volume":"12","author":"G Kalodimou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kalodimou, G. et al. A soluble version of Nipah virus glycoprotein G delivered by Vaccinia virus MVA activates specific CD8 and CD4 T cells in mice. Viruses 12(1), 26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v12010026 (2020).","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"38010_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S493","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz553.PMID:31751453;PMCID:PMC7368163","volume":"221","author":"MK Lo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lo, M. K. et al. Evaluation of a single-dose nucleoside-modified messenger RNA vaccine encoding Hendra virus-soluble glycoprotein against lethal Nipah virus challenge in Syrian hamsters. J Infect Dis. 221(Suppl 4), S493\u2013S498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiz553.PMID:31751453;PMCID:PMC7368163 (2020).","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"38010_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.10.012","volume":"101","author":"MK Lo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lo, M. K. et al. Single-dose replication-defective VSV-based Nipah virus vaccines provide protection from lethal challenge in Syrian hamsters. Antiviral Res. 101, 26\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.10.012 (2014).","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"38010_CR58","unstructured":"National Institute of Health. (2019, December 13). Safety and immunogenicity of a Nipah virus vaccine - full text view. ClinicalTrials.gov. Retrieved March 17, 2022, from https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04199169"},{"issue":"3","key":"38010_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2003.131159","volume":"20","author":"D Middleton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Middleton, D. et al. Hendra virus vaccine, a one health approach to protecting horse, human, and environmental health. Emerg. Infect. Diseases 20(3), 372\u2013379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2003.131159 (2014).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Diseases"},{"key":"38010_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.08.028","volume":"34","author":"BS Pickering","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pickering, B. S. et al. Protection against henipaviruses in swine requires both, cell-mediated and humoral immune response. Vaccine 34, 4777\u20134786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.08.028 (2016).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"38010_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-019-0109-5","author":"R Keshwara","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keshwara, R. et al. Rabies-based vaccine induces potent immune responses against Nipah virus. Npj Vaccines https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41541-019-0109-5 (2019).","journal-title":"Npj Vaccines"},{"key":"38010_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2200065119","author":"SL Foster","year":"2022","unstructured":"Foster, S. L. et al. A recombinant VSV-vectored vaccine rapidly protects nonhuman primates against lethal nipah virus disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2200065119 (2022).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"38010_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0007462","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007462","volume":"13","author":"N van Doremalen","year":"2019","unstructured":"van Doremalen, N. et al. A single-dose ChAdOx1-vectored vaccine provides complete protection against Nipah Bangladesh and Malaysia in Syrian golden hamsters. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 13(6), e0007462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007462 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"38010_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00016","volume":"6","author":"RK McLean","year":"2019","unstructured":"McLean, R. K. & Graham, S. P. Vaccine development for Nipah virus infection in pigs. Front. Vet. Sci. 6, 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2019.00016 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"22","key":"38010_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11186","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.76.22.11186-11198.2002","volume":"76","author":"KN Bossart","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bossart, K. N. et al. Membrane fusion tropism and heterotypic functional activities of the Nipah virus and Hendra virus envelope glycoproteins. J. Virol. 76(22), 11186\u201311198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.76.22.11186-11198.2002 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"38010_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/v12010026","volume":"12","author":"G Kalodimou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kalodimou, G. et al. A soluble version of Nipah virus glycoprotein G delivered by vaccinia virus MVA activates specific CD8 and CD4 T cells in mice. Viruses 12(1), 26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v12010026 (2019).","journal-title":"Viruses"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-38010-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-38010-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-38010-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T06:11:49Z","timestamp":1689315109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-38010-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["38010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-38010-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 January 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"J.E.O. is the CEO of VaxThera. All remaining authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"11384"}}