{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:31:17Z","timestamp":1787671877147,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Science and technology, New Delhi","award":["P-07\/694"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P-07\/694"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Asthma, a chronic respiratory disease is characterized by airway inflammation, remodelling, airflow limitation and hyperresponsiveness. At present, it is considered as an umbrella diagnosis consisting several variable clinical presentations (phenotypes) and distinct pathophysiological mechanisms (endotypes). Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress participates in airway inflammation and remodelling in chronic asthma. Opioids resembled by group of regulatory peptides have proven to act as an immunomodulator. \u03b2-Endorphin a natural and potent endogenous morphine produced in the anterior pituitary gland play role in pain modulation. Therapeutic strategy of many opioids including \u03b2-Endorphin as an anti\u2011inflammatory and antioxidative agent has not been yet explored despite its promising analgesic effects. This is the first study to reveal the role of \u03b2-Endorphin in regulating airway inflammation, cellular apoptosis, and oxidative stress via Nrf-2 in an experimental asthmatic model. Asthma was generated in balb\/c mice by sensitizing with 1% Toulene Diisocyanate on day 0, 7, 14 and 21 and challenging with 2.5% Toulene Diisocyanate from day 22 to 51 (on every alternate day) through intranasal route. \u03b2-Endorphin (5\u00a0\u00b5g\/kg) was administered through the nasal route 1\u00a0h prior to sensitization and challenge. The effect of \u03b2-Endorphin on pulmonary inflammation and redox status along with parameters of oxidative stress were evaluated. We found that pre-treatment of \u03b2-Endorphin significantly reduced inflammatory infiltration in lung tissue and cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Also, pre-treatment of \u03b2-Endorphin reduced reactive oxygen species, Myeloperoxidase, Nitric Oxide, Protein and protein carbonylation, Glutathione Reductase, Malondialdehyde, IFN-\u03b3, and TNF-\u03b1. Reversely, \u03b2-Endorphin significantly increased Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, glutathione, Glutathione-S-Transferase, and activation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) via Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), independent pathway in the lung restoring architectural alveolar and bronchial changes. The present findings reveal the therapeutic potency of \u03b2-END in regulating asthma by Keap-1 independent regulation of Nrf-2 activity. The present findings reveal the therapeutic potency of \u03b2-Endorphin in regulating asthma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38366-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T13:02:29Z","timestamp":1690808549000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["RETRACTED ARTICLE: \u03b2-Endorphin (an endogenous opioid) inhibits inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis via Nrf-2 in asthmatic murine model"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Vinita","family":"Pandey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vandana","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atul","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Subhashini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"38366_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Enilari, O. & Sinha, S. The global impact of asthma in adult populations. Ann. Glob. Health. 85(1) (2019).","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.2412"},{"issue":"10","key":"38366_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02169","volume":"13","author":"M Sokolowska","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sokolowska, M. et al. Acute respiratory barrier disruption by ozone exposure in mice. Front. Immunol. 13(10), 2169 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"38366_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1301758","volume":"370","author":"SM Tarlo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tarlo, S. M. & Lemiere, C. Occupational asthma. N. Engl. J. Med. 370(7), 640\u2013649 (2014).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"38366_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrison RM, ed. in Environmental Pollutant Exposures and Public Health. (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020).","DOI":"10.1039\/9781839160431"},{"issue":"7","key":"38366_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.03.005","volume":"105","author":"JH Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim, J. H. et al. Serum cytokines markers in toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma. Respir. Med. 105(7), 1091\u20131094 (2011).","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"38366_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv120","volume":"147","author":"L Yao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yao, L. et al. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase mediates \u03b2-catenin dysfunction of airway epithelium in a toluene diisocyanate-induced murine asthma model. Toxicol. Sci. 147(1), 168\u2013177 (2015).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"38366_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2330","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.6.2002086","volume":"162","author":"AV Wisnewski","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wisnewski, A. V. et al. Identification of human lung and skin proteins conjugated with hexamethylene diisocyanate in vitro and in vivo. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 162(6), 2330\u20132336 (2000).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"88","key":"38366_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106860","volume":"1","author":"K Xue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xue, K. et al. Panax notoginseng saponin R1 modulates TNF-\u03b1\/NF-\u03baB signaling and attenuates allergic airway inflammation in asthma. Int. Immunopharmacol. 1(88), 106860 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"38366_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01196-2014","volume":"46","author":"S Saglani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saglani, S. & Lloyd, C. M. Novel concepts in airway inflammation and remodelling in asthma. Eur. Respir. J. 46(6), 1796\u20131804 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"38366_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E32","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.01.05","volume":"9","author":"J Qu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qu, J., Li, Y., Zhong, W., Gao, P. & Hu, C. Recent developments in the role of reactive oxygen species in allergic asthma. J. Thorac. Dis. 9(1), E32 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"38366_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2005.10.015","volume":"111","author":"P Kirkham","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kirkham, P. & Rahman, I. Oxidative stress in asthma and COPD: Antioxidants as a therapeutic strategy. Pharmacol. Ther. 111(2), 476\u2013494 (2006).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"7","key":"38366_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2006.02.052","volume":"580","author":"SH Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim, S. H. et al. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects toluene diisocyanate-induced airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. FEBS Lett. 580(7), 1883\u20131890 (2006).","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"38366_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly097","volume":"74","author":"P Aghasafari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aghasafari, P., Heise, R. L., Reynolds, A. & Pidaparti, R. M. Aging effects on alveolar sacs under mechanical ventilation. J. Gerontol. Ser. A 74(2), 139\u2013146 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A"},{"issue":"3","key":"38366_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s13765-017-0285-9","volume":"60","author":"Y Ranneh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ranneh, Y. et al. Crosstalk between reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory markers in developing various chronic diseases: A review. Appl. Biol. Chem. 60(3), 327\u2013338 (2017).","journal-title":"Appl. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"38366_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/WOX.0b013e3182439613","volume":"5","author":"E Birben","year":"2012","unstructured":"Birben, E., Sahiner, U. M., Sackesen, C., Erzurum, S. & Kalayci, O. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. World Allergy Organ. J. 5, 9\u201319 (2012).","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"38366_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.2174\/1568010023344607","volume":"1","author":"I Rahman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rahman, I. Oxidative stress and gene transcription in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Antioxidant therapeutic targets. Curr. Drug Targets Inflamm. Allergy 1(3), 291\u2013315 (2002).","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets Inflamm. Allergy"},{"issue":"8","key":"38366_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201011-1780OC","volume":"184","author":"C Michaeloudes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Michaeloudes, C., Chang, P. J., Petrou, M. & Chung, K. F. Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 and nuclear factor E2\u2013related factor 2 regulate antioxidant responses in airway smooth muscle cells: Role in asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 184(8), 894\u2013903 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"38366_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727806","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.727806","volume":"29","author":"C Audousset","year":"2021","unstructured":"Audousset, C., McGovern, T. & Martin, J. G. Role of Nrf2 in disease: Novel molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches-pulmonary disease\/asthma. Front. Physiol. 29(12), 727806 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"17","key":"38366_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7342","volume":"29","author":"C Tonelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tonelli, C., Chio, I. I. & Tuveson, D. A. Transcriptional regulation by Nrf2. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29(17), 1727\u20131745 (2018).","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"issue":"3","key":"38366_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04118.x","volume":"160","author":"SH Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim, S. H. et al. Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) regulates haem oxygenase-1\/ferritin expression: Implications for toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 160(3), 489\u2013497 (2010).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"38366_CR21","first-page":"75","volume":"38","author":"AC Hartwig","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hartwig, A. C. Peripheral beta-endorphin and pain modulation. Anesth. Prog. 38(3), 75 (1991).","journal-title":"Anesth. Prog."},{"issue":"1","key":"38366_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00667.2010","volume":"301","author":"N Raja-Khan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Raja-Khan, N., Stener-Victorin, E., Wu, X. & Legro, R. S. The physiological basis of complementary and alternative medicines for polycystic ovary syndrome. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 301(1), E1 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"4","key":"38366_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-1016","volume":"33","author":"M B\u00f6hm","year":"2012","unstructured":"B\u00f6hm, M. & Gr\u00e4ssel, S. Role of proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides and their receptors in the osteoarticular system: From basic to translational research. Endocr. Rev. 33(4), 623\u2013651 (2012).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"38366_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.5.1389","volume":"81","author":"RG Hammonds Jr","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hammonds, R. G. Jr., Nicolas, P. & Li, C. H. beta-endorphin-(1\u201327) is an antagonist of beta-endorphin analgesia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 81(5), 1389\u20131390 (1984).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"38366_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.18621\/eurj.535785","volume":"6","author":"TG Shrihari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shrihari, T. G. Beta endorphins-molecules of therapeutics. Eur Res. J. 6(4), 370\u2013372 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur Res. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"38366_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119506","volume":"100","author":"PJ Cabot","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cabot, P. J. et al. Immune cell-derived beta-endorphin. Production, release, and control of inflammatory pain in rats. J. Clin. Investig. 100(1), 142\u2013148 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"issue":"227","key":"38366_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2020.08.005","volume":"1","author":"H Machelska","year":"2020","unstructured":"Machelska, H. & Celik, M. \u00d6. Immune cell-mediated opioid analgesia. Immunol. Lett. 1(227), 48\u201359 (2020).","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"38366_CR28","first-page":"547","volume":"9","author":"TG Shrihari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shrihari, T. G. Endorphins-A novel hidden magic holistic healer. J. Clin. Cell. Immunol. 9(2), 547\u2013552 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Cell. Immunol."},{"issue":"121","key":"38366_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104074","volume":"1","author":"L Cui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cui, L. et al. Beta-endorphin inhibits the inflammatory response of bovine endometrial cells through \u03b4 opioid receptor in vitro. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 1(121), 104074 (2021).","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"38366_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2001.01125.x","volume":"31","author":"JM Matheson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Matheson, J. M., Lange, R. W., Lemus, R., Karol, M. H. & Luster, M. I. Importance of inflammatory and immune components in a mouse model of airway reactivity to toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Clin. Exp. Allergy 31(7), 1067\u20131076 (2001).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"issue":"1","key":"38366_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfi051","volume":"84","author":"JM Matheson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Matheson, J. M., Johnson, V. J. & Luster, M. I. Immune mediators in a murine model for occupational asthma: Studies with toluene diisocyanate. Toxicol. Sci. 84(1), 99\u2013109 (2005).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"38366_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L207","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00157.2005","volume":"292","author":"M Tarkowski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tarkowski, M. et al. Immunological determinants of ventilatory changes induced in mice by dermal sensitization and respiratory challenge with toluene diisocyanate. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 292(1), L207\u2013L214 (2007).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"38366_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfi050","volume":"84","author":"JM Matheson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Matheson, J. M., Johnson, V. J., Vallyathan, V. & Luster, M. I. Exposure and immunological determinants in a murine model for toluene diisocyanate (TDI) asthma. Toxicol. Sci. 84(1), 88\u201398 (2005).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"26","key":"38366_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3889","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212802083716","volume":"18","author":"P Di Rosanna","year":"2012","unstructured":"Di Rosanna, P. & Salvatore, C. Reactive oxygen species, inflammation, and lung diseases. Curr. Pharm. Des. 18(26), 3889\u20133900 (2012).","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"issue":"4","key":"38366_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1177\/1753465808094971","volume":"2","author":"A Nadeem","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nadeem, A., Masood, A. & Siddiqui, N. Oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in asthma: Scientific evidence, epidemiological data and possible therapeutic options. Ther. Adv. Respir. Dis. 2(4), 215\u2013235 (2008).","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Respir. Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"38366_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2011.03.007","volume":"16","author":"R Mittler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mittler, R. et al. ROS signaling: The new wave?. Trends Plant Sci. 16(6), 300\u2013309 (2011).","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"38366_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2256","volume":"8","author":"B D'Autr\u00e9aux","year":"2007","unstructured":"D\u2019Autr\u00e9aux, B. & Toledano, M. B. ROS as signalling molecules: Mechanisms that generate specificity in ROS homeostasis. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 8(10), 813\u2013824 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"38366_CR38","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"K Yesildag","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yesildag, K., Gur, C., Ileriturk, M. & Kandemir, F. M. Evaluation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative DNA damage and metalloproteinases in the lungs of rats treated with cadmium and carvacrol. Mol. Biol. Rep. 1, 1\u20131 (2022).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"38366_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-011-0314-x","volume":"68","author":"WM Schaffer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schaffer, W. M. & Bronnikova, T. V. Peroxidase-ROS interactions. Nonlinear Dyn. 68, 413\u2013430 (2012).","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn."},{"issue":"10","key":"38366_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/WOX.0b013e318232389e","volume":"4","author":"UM Sahiner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sahiner, U. M., Birben, E., Erzurum, S., Sackesen, C. & Kalayci, O. Oxidative stress in asthma. World Allergy Organ. J. 4(10), 151\u2013158 (2011).","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ. J."},{"issue":"8","key":"38366_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1081\/JAS-120023575","volume":"40","author":"K Katsoulis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Katsoulis, K. et al. Serum total antioxidant status in severe exacerbation of asthma: Correlation with the severity of the disease. J. Asthma 40(8), 847\u2013854 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Asthma"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"38366_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201506-385MG","volume":"13","author":"SC Erzurum","year":"2016","unstructured":"Erzurum, S. C. New insights in oxidant biology in asthma. Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc. 13(Supplement 1), S35\u2013S39 (2016).","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"issue":"11","key":"38366_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2011.01.010","volume":"1810","author":"NL Reynaert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reynaert, N. L. Glutathione biochemistry in asthma. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Gen. Subjects 1810(11), 1045\u20131051 (2011).","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Gen. Subjects"},{"issue":"15","key":"38366_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2007.06.006","volume":"40","author":"T Peri\u0161i\u0107","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peri\u0161i\u0107, T., Sre\u0107kovi\u0107, M. & Mati\u0107, G. An imbalance in antioxidant enzymes and stress proteins in childhood asthma. Clin. Biochem. 40(15), 1168\u20131171 (2007).","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"issue":"2","key":"38366_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/09674845.2008.11732801","volume":"65","author":"EN Kamel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kamel, E. N. & Shehata, M. Effect of toluene exposure on the antioxidant status and apoptotic pathway in organs of the rat. Br. J. Biomed. Sci. 65(2), 75\u201379 (2008).","journal-title":"Br. J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"38366_CR46","first-page":"2021","volume":"28","author":"Y Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, Y. et al. Schisandrin B attenuates airway inflammation by regulating the NF-\u03baB\/Nrf2 signaling pathway in mouse models of asthma. J. Immunol. Res. 28, 2021 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"issue":"13","key":"38366_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00099","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00099-20","volume":"40","author":"L Baird","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baird, L. & Yamamoto, M. The molecular mechanisms regulating the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway. Mol. Cell. Biol. 40(13), e00099-e120 (2020).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"38366_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Q., Gao, Y. & Ci, X. Role of Nrf2 and its activators in respiratory diseases. Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev. (2019).","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7090534"},{"issue":"17","key":"38366_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2018.05.002","volume":"1","author":"A Raghunath","year":"2018","unstructured":"Raghunath, A. et al. Antioxidant response elements: Discovery, classes, regulation and potential applications. Redox Biol. 1(17), 297\u2013314 (2018).","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"38366_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.54.8.577","volume":"54","author":"JC Renauld","year":"2001","unstructured":"Renauld, J. C. New insights into the role of cytokines in asthma. J. Clin. Pathol. 54(8), 577\u2013589 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"38366_CR51","volume-title":"Immunological effects of complementary & alternative medicine in allergy and asthma","author":"SA Shu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shu, S. A. Immunological effects of complementary & alternative medicine in allergy and asthma (University of California, 2008)."},{"key":"38366_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1161-4","volume":"200","author":"JE Grisel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grisel, J. E., Bartels, J. L., Allen, S. A. & Turgeon, V. L. Influence of \u03b2-Endorphin on anxious behavior in mice: Interaction with EtOH. Psychopharmacology 200, 105\u2013115 (2008).","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"9","key":"38366_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4246","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1166","volume":"153","author":"R Dutia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dutia, R., Meece, K., Dighe, S., Kim, A. J. & Wardlaw, S. L. \u03b2-Endorphin antagonizes the effects of \u03b1-MSH on food intake and body weight. Endocrinology 153(9), 4246\u20134255 (2012).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"12","key":"38366_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2005.08.008","volume":"38","author":"O Erel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Erel, O. A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clin. Biochem. 38(12), 1103\u20131111 (2005).","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"38366_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-27543-1","volume":"13","author":"A Srivastava","year":"2023","unstructured":"Srivastava, A., Pandey, V., Yadav, V., Singh, S. & Srivastava, R. Potential of hydroethanolic leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum in ameliorating redox status and lung injury in COPD: An in vivo and in silico study. Sci. Rep. 13(1), 1131 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"38366_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-018-0836-1","volume":"41","author":"PS Chauhan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chauhan, P. S., Jaiswal, A. & Singh, R. Combination therapy with curcumin alone plus piperine ameliorates ovalbumin-induced chronic asthma in mice. Inflammation 41, 1922\u20131933 (2018).","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"2","key":"38366_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers6021111","volume":"6","author":"AL Rymaszewski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rymaszewski, A. L. et al. The role of neutrophil myeloperoxidase in models of lung tumor development. Cancers 6(2), 1111\u20131127 (2014).","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"10","key":"38366_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9101340","volume":"9","author":"M Hayes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hayes, M. Measuring protein content in food: An overview of methods. Foods. 9(10), 1340 (2020).","journal-title":"Foods."},{"issue":"1019","key":"38366_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2015.11.052","volume":"15","author":"G Colombo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Colombo, G. et al. A step-by-step protocol for assaying protein carbonylation in biological samples. J. Chromatogr. B 15(1019), 178\u2013190 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"issue":"40","key":"38366_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14776","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.REV119.006136","volume":"294","author":"MN M\u00f6ller","year":"2019","unstructured":"M\u00f6ller, M. N. et al. Detection and quantification of nitric oxide\u2013derived oxidants in biological systems. J. Biol. Chem. 294(40), 14776\u201314802 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"38366_CR61","unstructured":"Das, K., Samanta, L. & Chainy, G. B. A modified spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase using nitrite formation by superoxide radicals 2000."},{"issue":"1","key":"38366_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19420","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98319-8","volume":"11","author":"A Kumari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumari, A. & Singh, K. Evaluation of prophylactic efficacy of cinnamaldehyde in murine model against Paradendryphiella arenariae mycotoxin tenuazonic acid-induced oxidative stress and organ toxicity. Sci. Rep. 11(1), 19420 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"38366_CR63","first-page":"1488","volume":"18","author":"MA Rajizadeh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rajizadeh, M. A. et al. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of myrtenol in the rats with allergic asthma. Iran. J. Pharm. Res. IJPR 18(3), 1488 (2019).","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharm. Res. IJPR"},{"issue":"2","key":"38366_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2011.4198","volume":"17","author":"AM Fitzpatrick","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick, A. M., Jones, D. P. & Brown, L. A. Glutathione redox control of asthma: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 17(2), 375\u2013408 (2012).","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"issue":"5","key":"38366_CR65","first-page":"210","volume":"3","author":"PC Chikezie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chikezie, P. C., Uwakwe, A. A. & Monago, C. C. Glutathione S-transferase activity of erythrocyte genotypes HbAA, HbAS and HbSS in male volunteers administered with fansidar and quinine. Afr. J. Biochem. Res. 3(5), 210\u2013214 (2009).","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biochem. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"38366_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2006.08.013","volume":"147","author":"F Bashir","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bashir, F., Siddiqi, T. O. & Iqbal, M. The antioxidative response system in Glycine max (L.) Merr. exposed to Deltamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. Environ. Pollut. 147(1), 94\u2013100 (2007).","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"38366_CR67","first-page":"453","volume":"57","author":"S Gawe\u0142","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gawe\u0142, S., Wardas, M., Niedworok, E. & Wardas, P. Malondialdehyde (MDA) as a lipid peroxidation marker. Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland: 1960) 57(9\u201310), 453\u2013455 (2004).","journal-title":"Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland: 1960)"},{"issue":"1","key":"38366_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2011.350","volume":"3","author":"H Luo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Luo, H., Wang, D., Che, H. L., Zhao, Y. & Jin, H. Pathological observations of lung inflammation after administration of IP-10 in influenza virus-and respiratory syncytial virus-infected mice. Exp. Ther. Med. 3(1), 76\u201379 (2012).","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"issue":"436","key":"38366_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2021.115861","volume":"1","author":"A Jaiswal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jaiswal, A., Dash, D. & Singh, R. Intranasal curcumin and dexamethasone combination ameliorates inflammasome (NLRP3) activation in lipopolysachharide exposed asthma exacerbations. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1(436), 115861 (2022).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-68215-0","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000}}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-38366-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-38366-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-38366-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:03:02Z","timestamp":1787670182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-38366-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["38366"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-38366-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2026","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail:","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-68215-0","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-68215-0","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}],"article-number":"12414"}}